Rhodiola
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Rhodiola
| Rhodiola | |
|---|---|
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| Rhodiola heterodonta | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| (unranked): | Angiosperms |
| (unranked): | Eudicots |
| (unranked): | Core eudicots |
| Order: | Saxifragales |
| Family: | Crassulaceae |
| Genus: | Rhodiola L. |
| Species | |
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Dozens. Included under Sedum at Wikispecies. |
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- This article is about a plant genus. For the species in this genus that is widely used in herbal medicine, see Rhodiola rosea.
Rhodiola is a genus of perennial plants in the family Crassulaceae[1] that resemble Sedum and other members of the family. Like sedums, Rhodiola species are often called stonecrops. Some authors merge Rhodiola into Sedum.[2][3]
Rhodiola species grow in high-altitude and other cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere.[4] Den virtuella floran gives the number of species as 36,[5] the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group gives it as 60,[1] and the Flora of China gives it as about 90, with 55 in China and 16 endemic there.[4] The USDA Plants database lists only 3 species in the United States and Canada.[6]
Among the distinguishing characters of the genus are two series of stamens totaling twice the number of petals; free or nearly free petals (not joined in a tube); a stout rhizome from whose axils the flowering stems rise; and a basal rosette of leaves. This genus contains the only species of Crassulaceae that have unisexual flowers.[4][7]
The Holarctic species Rhodiola rosea is used in herbal medicine. A number of species are grown as ornamentals, but growing them is difficult outside their native subarctic and alpine climates.[8]
The name combines the Greek rhodon, meaning rose and referring to the rose-like smell of the roots, with the Latin diminutive suffix -iola.[9]
Chemical composition
Rhodionin is a herbacetin rhamnoside found in Rhodiola species.[10]
Species list
Species include:
- Rhodiola integrifolia
- Rhodiola rhodantha
References
- ^ a b Stevens, P. F. (Version 9, June 2008 [and more or less continuously updated since].), Angiosperm Phylogeny Website., http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/, retrieved 2009-07-26
- ^ Ivey, Robert DeWitt (2003), Flowering Plants of New Mexico (Fourth ed.), RD & V Ivey, p. 246, ISBN 0-9612170-3-0
- ^ "Sedum integrifolium ssp. leedyi", National Collection of Imperiled Plants, Center for Plant Conservation, 2008-01-29, http://www.centerforplantconservation.org/ASP/CPC_ViewProfile.asp?CPCNum=7501, retrieved 2009-07-26
- ^ a b c Fu, Kunjun; Ohba, Hideaki; Gilbert, Michael G., "Rhodiola", Flora of China, 8, p. 251, http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=128370, retrieved 2009-07-26
- ^ "Rhodiola L.: Rosenrötter" (in Swedish), Den virtuella floran, Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, 2000-04-18 [1997], http://linnaeus.nrm.se/flora/di/crassula/rhodi/welcome.html, retrieved 2009-07-26
- ^ USDA, NRCS (2009), "Rhodiola", The PLANTS Database, Baton Rouge, LA 70874-4490 USA: National Plant Data Center, http://plants.usda.gov/java/nameSearch?keywordquery=Rhodiola&mode=sciname&submit.x=0&submit.y=0, retrieved 2009-07-26
- ^ Flora of China, 8, Crassulaceae, p. 202
- ^ Stephenson, Ray (1994), Sedum: Cultivated Stonecrops, Timber Press, pp. 289–290, ISBN 0-88192-238-2, http://books.google.com/?id=Jo9VgQAsMtkC&pg=PA289, retrieved 2009-07-26
- ^ Eggli, Url; Newton, Leonard E. (2004), Etymological Dictionary of Succulent Plant Names, Springer-Verlag, p. 203, ISBN 3-540-00489-0, http://books.google.com/?id=u2n5vusQ1DEC&pg=PA165&dq=Rhodiola+integrifolia+ornamental, retrieved 2009-07-26
- ^ Li, Tao; Zhang, Hao (2008), "Identification and Comparative Determination of Rhodionin in Traditional Tibetan Medicinal Plants of Fourteen Rhodiola Species by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Array Detection and Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry", Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 56 (6): 807–14, doi:10.1248/cpb.56.807, PMID 18520085
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