José de Ribera

 

(baptized Feb. 17, 1591, Játiva, Spain — died Sept. 2, 1652, Naples) Spanish painter and printmaker. Though born in Spain, where he is said to have trained under Francisco Ribalta, he spent most of his life in Naples (then a Spanish possession). Most of his works are of religious subjects. Dramatic light and shadow and sometimes horrific detail emphasize the mental and physical suffering of penitent or martyred saints, as in The Martyrdom of St. Bartholomew (c. 1630). In later works his modeling is softer, his colours are richer, and he demonstrates strong human sympathy, as in The Clubfooted Boy (1642). His etchings are among the finest produced in Italy and Spain in the Baroque period.

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Architecture and Landscaping: Pedro Domingo de Ribera

(1681–1742)

Castilian architect. He worked mostly in Madrid (where he was employed by the municipality from 1719). His late-Baroque designs included much Churrigueresque decoration. Typical of his style was the elaborate main portal of the San Fernando Hospital, Madrid (from 1722), in which festoons, estípites, flamelike forms, urns, and other motifs tumble over each other in abundance. It was said by Neo-Classicists that he ‘filled Madrid with a number of designs that have become the opprobrium of Europe’, and his buildings were catalogued as a dire warning to students of architecture: as a result, we know quite a lot about his output, which was remarkably old-fashioned for its date. Among his works may be cited the Church of the Virgen del Puerto (1718—with octagonal interior and camarín), the Church of Montserrat (1732–40), and the Palacio de Miraflores (c.1725), all in Madrid, and the massive bridge at Toledo (1718–35).

Bibliography

  • Kubler & Soria (1959)
  • W.Papworth (1887)
  • Jane Turner (1996)

The full bibliography for this book is available to download as a pdf file.
Download the bibliography for A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture (PDF: 1.2MB)

 
 

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Copyrights:

Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. © 2006 Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. All rights reserved.  Read more
Architecture and Landscaping. A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. Copyright © 1999, 2006 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.  Read more

 

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