Ribosome inactivating protein
Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry:
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ribosome-inactivating protein
abbr.: RIP; any of a group of proteins, obtained from plants, that inactivate eukaryotic ribosomes. They are of two types. Type I proteins include agrostin, dianthrin, dodecandrin, gelonin, luffin, nomordin, saporin-2, and tritin. They are enzymes, EC 3.2.2.22, that catalyse endohydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond at one specific adenosine on 28S rRNA. They are plant protein toxins, and possibly have antiviral activity. Type II ribosome-inactivating proteins are enzymes with a similar action to the type I proteins, but have an additional covalently bound chain with lectin properties. They include abrin, modeccin, ricin, viscumin, and volkensin.
| ribosome recycling factor, ribosome receptor, ribosome | |
| riboswitch, ribosyl, ribosylate |
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Ribosome inactivating protein
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Ribosome inactivating protein
| Ribosome-inactivating protein | |||||||||
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| Structure of pokeweed antiviral protein.[1] | |||||||||
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | RIP | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF00161 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR001574 | ||||||||
| PROSITE | PDOC00248 | ||||||||
| SCOP | 1paf | ||||||||
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A ribosome inactivating protein is a protein synthesis inhibitor that acts at the ribosome.[2].
A number of bacterial and plant toxins act by inhibiting protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. The toxins of the Shiga and ricin family inactivate 60S ribosomal subunits by an N-glycosidic cleavage which releases a specific adenine base from the sugar-phosphate backbone of 28S rRNA[3][4][5]. Members of the family include shiga and shiga-like toxins, and type I (e.g. trichosanthin and luffin) and type II (e.g. ricin, agglutinin and abrin) ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs). All these toxins are structurally related. RIPs have been of considerable interest because of their potential use, conjugated with monoclonal antibodies, as immunotoxins to treat cancers. Further, trichosanthin has been shown to have potent activity against HIV-1-infected T cells and macrophages[6]. Elucidation of the structure-function relationships of RIPs has therefore become a major research effort. It is now known that RIPs are structurally related. A conserved glutamic residue has been implicated in the catalytic mechanism[7]; this lies near a conserved arginine, which also plays a role in catalysis[8].
Examples include:
They exist in bacteria and plants.[9]
References
- ^ Monzingo AF, Collins EJ, Ernst SR, Irvin JD, Robertus JD (October 1993). "The 2.5 A structure of pokeweed antiviral protein". J. Mol. Biol. 233 (4): 705–15. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1993.1547. PMID 8411176.
- ^ MeSH Ribosome+Inactivating+Proteins
- ^ Igarashi K, Endo Y, Tsurugi K, Takeda Y, Ogasawara T, Yutsudo T (1988). "Site of action of a Vero toxin (VT2) from Escherichia coli O157:H7 and of Shiga toxin on eukaryotic ribosomes. RNA N-glycosidase activity of the toxins". Eur. J. Biochem. 171 (1): 45–50. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1988.tb13756.x. PMID 3276522.
- ^ May MJ, Hartley MR, Roberts LM, Krieg PA, Osborn RW, Lord JM (1989). "Ribosome inactivation by ricin A chain: a sensitive method to assess the activity of wild-type and mutant polypeptides". EMBO J. 8 (1): 301–308. PMC 400803. PMID 2714255. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=400803.
- ^ Funatsu G, Islam MR, Minami Y, Sung-Sil K, Kimura M (1991). "Conserved amino acid residues in ribosome-inactivating proteins from plants". Biochimie 73 (7): 1157–1161. doi:10.1016/0300-9084(91)90160-3. PMID 1742358.
- ^ Zhou K, Fu Z, Chen M, Lin Y, Pan K (1994). "Structure of trichosanthin at 1.88 A resolution". Proteins 19 (1): 4–13. doi:10.1002/prot.340190103. PMID 8066085.
- ^ Collier RJ, Calderwood SB, Mekalanos JJ, Hovde CJ (1988). "Evidence that glutamic acid 167 is an active-site residue of Shiga-like toxin I". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (8): 2568–2572. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.8.2568. PMC 280038. PMID 3357883. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=280038.
- ^ Monzingo AF, Collins EJ, Ernst SR, Irvin JD, Robertus JD (1993). "The 2.5 A structure of pokeweed antiviral protein". J. Mol. Biol. 233 (4): 705–715. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1993.1547. PMID 8411176.
- ^ Mak AN, Wong YT, An YJ, et al. (2007). "Structure-function study of maize ribosome-inactivating protein: implications for the internal inactivation region and the sole glutamate in the active site". Nucleic Acids Res. 35 (18): 6259–67. doi:10.1093/nar/gkm687. PMC 2094058. PMID 17855394. http://nar.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17855394.
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