River bifurcation (from Latin furca, fork) is the separation of a stream into two parts. The creation of distributaries is the consequence of bifurcation. Some rivers form complex networks of distributaries, especially in their deltas.
Bifurcation examples
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One example of a bifurcation is the Casiquiare canal that links the Orinoco River with the Amazon.
Another occurrence of a river bifurcation was in Serbia[1][2][3][4][5], Europe in the Nerodimka River. The Nerodime Bifurcation represents a hydrological curiosity. With the bifurcation of the Nerodimka, river waters are sent into the Aegean and the Black Seas. The Bifurcation was located in the southern part of the Kosovo territory of Uroševac Municipality. The Bifurcation of Nerodimka was the very first hydrological protected object in Serbia (1979). The Nerodimka Bifurcation is declared as a strict wildlife sanctuary, category I according to (IUCN). The protected compound is laid on a surface of 13,0 ha.[clarification needed] It is considered that the bifurcation is an artificial phenomena, but under extremely favorable natural conditions for the creation of which no emphasized technical measures were undertaken.
In the past, the small Kalaus River in south-western Russia, when reaching the thalweg of the Kuma-Manych Depression at 45°43′N 44°06′E / 45.717°N 44.1°E, would split, the two distributaries becoming the headwaters of the West and East Manych Rivers. The former flows west into the Don River and thus into the Sea of Azov, while the latter flows east, lost in the steppe before ever reaching the Caspian Sea. Later, a dam was built, preventing any water from flowing from the Kalaus into the East Manych, thus making the Kalaus the source of only the West Manych.[6]
Torne River has an offshoot called Tärendö River, a bifurcation which on average transports 57% of the water from Torne River into Kalix River.[7]
References
- ^ http://www.rastko.org.rs/kosovo/delo/11688
- ^ http://musicarenje.forum3.biz/ribe-f6/makedonska-pastrmka-t535.htm
- ^ http://vukotic.110mb.com/pdf/is_tribes.pdf
- ^ http://www.studentskisvet.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=24&t=573
- ^ http://travelingluck.com/Europe/Serbia/Serbia%20(general)/_789720_Op%C5%A1tina%20Ka%C4%8Danik.html#local_map
- ^ Alexander Anatolievich Bazelyuk (Базелюк Александр Анатольевич), "АНТРОПОГЕННОЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЕ ГИДРОГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ СЕТИ КУМО-МАНЫЧСКОЙ ВПАДИНЫ" (Anthropogenic changes in the Hydrographic Network of the Kuma-Manych Depression), summary of the Cand. Sci. dissertation. Rostov-on-Don, 2007. (Russian) Includes maps.
- ^ http://www.pajala.se/mun/pajala/www.nsf/English/764B6DC8BFD894E2C1256FB30024F22D?
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