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Roma are one of the ethnical minorities in Serbia. According to the 2002 census, there were 108,193 Roma in Serbia or 1.44% of the population. Of those, 79,136 Roma are concentrated in Central Serbia and 29,057 in Vojvodina. Another 40,000 Roma are estimated to live in Kosovo together with the subgroups of Ashkali and Balkan Egyptians. The Council of Europe estimates that 400,000 to 800,000 Roma live in Serbia without Kosovo[1] and 100,000 to 120,000 in Kosovo[2] (150,000 before 1999)[3] (see also Roma in Kosovo)
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History
The first reference to the Roma people in Serbia is found in a 1348 document, by which Stefan Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia, Emperor of Serbs and Greeks donated some Gypsy slaves to the Monastery of Prizren, in Kosovo.[4]
The number of Roma according to various census data:
- 1866: 24,607 (2.02%)
- 1895: 46,000 (1.84%)
- 1948: 52,181
- 1953: 58,800
- 1961: 9,826
- 1971: 49,894
- 1981: 110,956 (1.19%)
- 1991: 138,799 (1.21%)
- 2002: 108,193 (1.44%)
IQ-testing of Roma in Serbia
In 2006, The University of Western Ontario, Canada and the Serbian Academy of Sciences, Belgrade, Serbia tested
The general factor of intelligence (g) was tested on Roma people. They tested 323 16- to 66-year-olds (111 males; 212 females) in three different communities over a two-year-period on the Raven's Colored and/or Standard Progressive Matrices and four measures of executive function. Out of the total of 60 Matrices, the Roma solved an average of 29, placing them at the 3rd percentile on 1993 U.S. norms, yielding an IQ equivalent of 70. On the executive function tests, the Roma averaged at about the level of Serbian 10-year-olds. The Matrices showed a small mean sex difference favoring males. External validity was demonstrated by correlating the scores on Matrices with measures such as cranial capacity (r = 0.13, P < 0.01), spousal similarity (r = 0.17, P < 0.05), age at birth of first child (r = 0.26, P < 0.01), number of offspring (r = − 0.20, P < 0.01), and responsible social attitudes (r = 0.10, P < 0.05). Comparisons with extant data showed that items found difficult or easy by the Roma were those found difficult or easy by White, Indian, Colored, and Black South African 14- to 16-year-olds and by Black South African undergraduates (rs = 0.90). There was no evidence of any idiosyncratic cultural effect. Instead, Roma/non-Roma differences were found to be most pronounced on g. This was shown by item-total correlations (estimates of the item's g loading), which predicted the magnitude of Roma/non-Roma differences on those same items, regardless of from which sample the item-total correlations were calculated, and by confirmatory factor analysis. The results indicate the remarkable cross-cultural generalizability of item properties across South Asians, Europeans, and sub-Saharan Africans and that these reflect g more than culturally specific ways of thinking.[5]
Roma political parties in Serbia
Notable Roma from Serbia
- Trifun Dimić, romologist.
- Dr. Raјko Đurić, professor, journalist, and politician.
- Srđan Šajn, politician.
- Janika Balaž, a famous tamburitza musician.
- Džej Ramadanovski, folk singer.
- Boža Nikolić, folk singer
- Sinan Sakić, folk singer
- Ljuba Aličić, folk singer
References
- ^ http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/romatravellers/Documentation/strategies/statistiques_en.asp
- ^ http://www.coe.int/t/dg3/romatravellers/Documentation/strategies/statistiques_en.asp
- ^ Estimated by the Society of Threatened Peoples.
- ^ Djordjević , T.R. (1924). Iz Srbije Kneza Milosa. Stanovnistvo—naselja. Beograd: Geca Kon.
- ^ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W4M-4M4TNS7-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=d8f3fec39ebf9b39acec1c08c07c4339
Further reading
- Dr. Rajko Đurić, Istorija Roma, Beograd, 2006.
See also
External links
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