Ingarden, Roman Witold (1893-1970) Polish phenomenologist and aesthetician. Ingarden studied under Husserl, but rejected the latter's ‘transcendental’ turn, favouring instead a realism which is nevertheless sensitive to the role of consciousness in generating so much of the world as it is for us. Much of Ingarden's work is in systematic ontology: for example, in his best-known work on literature and art he develops a ‘stratified’ theory of the different objects involved in physical space and in the intentional stance of the onlooker or reader. Works include Das literarische Kunstwerk. Eine Untersuchung aus dem Grenzgebiet der Ontologie, Logik und Literaturwissenschaft (1931, trans. as The Literary Work of Art, 1973), Erlebnis, Kunstwerk und Wert. Vorträge zur Ästhetik 1937-1967 (1969), Selected Papers in Aesthetics (1985).

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