Roman civil wars

This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2008)

List of civil wars involving Rome. There were several Roman civil wars, especially during the time of the late Republic.

Early Republic

Founded in 509 BC.

Late Republic

• Social War (91–88 BC), between Rome and the Italian nations - Roman victory.
• Sulla's first civil war (88–87 BC), between Lucius Cornelius Sulla's supporters and Gaius Marius' forces - victory to Sulla.
• Sertorius' revolt in Hispania (83–72 BC), between Rome and the provinces of Hispania under the leadership of Sertorius - Roman victory.
• Sulla's second civil war (82–81 BC), between Sulla and Marius' supporters - Sullan victory.
• Lepidus' rebellion (77 BC), when Lepidus rebelled against the Sullan senate.
• Catiline Conspiracy (63–62 BC), between the Senate and the dissatisfied followers of Lucius Sergius Catilina - Senatorial victory.
• Caesar's civil war (49–45 BC), between Julius Caesar and the optimates (conservative republicans), initially led by Pompey - Caesarean victory.
• Post-Caesarian civil war (44 BC), between the Senate army (led first by Cicero and then by Octavian) and the army of Antony, Lepidus, and their colleagues - Truce results in union of forces.
• Liberators' civil war (44–42 BC), between the Second Triumvirate and the Liberators (Brutus and Cassius, Caesar's assassins) - Triumvirate victory.
• Sicilian revolt (44–36 BC), between the Second Triumvirate (particularly Octavian and Agrippa) and Sextus Pompeius, the son of Pompey - Triumvirate victory.
• Fulvia's civil war (41–40 BC), between the forces of Lucius Antonius and Fulvia Antonia (the younger brother and wife of Mark Antony) and Octavian - Octavian victory.
• Final war of the Roman Republic (32–30 BC), between the Western provinces (under the leadership of Octavian and Agrippa) and the East (under Mark Antony and Cleopatra) - Western victory.

Empire

Augustan interval

After 30 BC, the Republic was unified under leadership of Octavian. In 27 BC Octavian was granted the title of Augustus by the Senate. These two dates are considered to mark the end of the Republic and the birth of the Roman Empire. The period of rule by the Caesars was known as the "Pax Augusti" (peace of Augustus), and was the beginning of the era known as the "Pax Romana" (Roman Peace). The next Roman civil war would not be fought until after Nero's suicide in 68 AD, the year before the year of the four emperors.

Early Empire

Year of the Four Emperors (69 AD ) four emperors, Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian, ruled in succession.

Mid Empire

Year of the Five Emperors (193 AD) where after the first emperor was assassinated and the second executed, the last three, Pescennius Niger, Clodius Albinus, and Septimius Severus fought for the throne.

Year of the Six Emperors (238 AD) Maximinus Thrax, the reigning emperor, was challenged by many claimants to the throne until he was deposed, and Gordian III became emperor.

Late Empire

This section requires expansion.

This article about a battle or war of Ancient Roman history is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.