Roses are red

"Violets are blue" redirects here. For the James Patterson novel, click here.

'"Roses are red" can refer to a specific poem, or a class of doggerel poems inspired by that poem. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 19798.

Lyrics

The most common modern form of the poem is:

Roses are red,

Violets are blue,

Sugar is sweet;

And so are you.

Origins

William Wallace Denslow's illustrations for Roses are red, from a 1901 edition of Mother Goose

The origins of the poem may be traced at least as far back as to the following lines written in 1590 by Sir Edmund Spenser from his epic The Faerie Queene (Book Three, Canto 6, Stanza 6):^[1]

It was upon a Sommers shynie day,

When Titan faire his beames did display,

In a fresh fountaine, farre from all mens vew,

She bath'd her brest, the boyling heat t'allay;

She bath'd with roses red, and violets blew,

And all the sweetest flowres, that in the forrest grew.

In common English this reads:

It was upon a summer's shiny day,

When Titan fair his beams did display,

In a fresh fountain, far from all men's view,

She bathed her breast, the boiling heat to allay;

She bathed with roses red, and violets blue,

And all the sweetest flowers, that in the forest grew.

A nursery rhyme significantly closer to the modern cliché Valentine's Day poem can be found in Gammer Gurton's Garland, a 1784 collection of English nursery rhymes:

The rose is red, the violet's blue,

The honey's sweet, and so are you.

Thou are my love and I am thine;

I drew thee to my Valentine:

The lot was cast and then I drew,

And Fortune said it shou'd be you.^[2]

Victor Hugo was likely familiar with Spenser, but may not have known the English nursery rhyme when, in 1862, he published the novel, Les Miserables. Hugo was a poet as well as a novelist, and within the text of the novel are many songs. One sung by the character, Fantine contains this refrain, in the 1862 English translation:

We will buy very pretty things

A-walking through the faubourgs.

Violets are blue, roses are red,

Violets are blue, I love my loves.

The last two lines in the original French are:

Les bleuets sont bleus, les roses sont roses,

Les bleuets sont bleus, j'aime mes amours.

(Les Misérables, Fantine, Book Seven, Chapter Six)^[3]

References

1. ^ The Faerie Queene, Cant. VI.
2. ^ I. Opie and P. Opie, The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes (Oxford University Press, 1951, 2nd edn., 1997), p. 375.
3. ^ Les misérables, Tome I by Victor Hugo at Project Gutenberg