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Runner's toe is a common condition seen in runners caused by downward pressure or horizontal separation of nail plate from the nail bed. This repetitive traumatic injury leads to bleeding and pooling of blood underneath the nail plate. Clinically, it is characterized by red black discoloration of the toe nail (subungual hematoma). The nail plate may also become thicker and more brittle as a result of the injury (onychochauxis). Fortunately, the deformed nail pate will gradually grow out and be replaced by new normal appearing nail plate in several months time. Infrequently, the toe may become painful and require surgical drainage.
Runner's toe is often associated with malfitting shoes and insufficient space for the toes. Some susceptible runners may also have Morton's toe. In this variant of human foot anatomy, the second toe extends further out than the great toe. The key to prevention of runner's toe is to purchase proper fitting shoes.
References
Concepts of the human foot in mythology, art and surgery, John Kirkup, EFORT (Bulletin of European Orthopaedics), #11, Nov. 1999
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