Salvia dorrii

Salvia dorrii
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae (unranked): Angiosperms (unranked): Eudicots (unranked): Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Lamiaceae Genus: Salvia Species: S. dorrii
Binomial name
Salvia dorrii (Kellogg) Abrams[1]

Salvia dorrii^[2][3] (Tobacco sage, Dorr's sage, Mint sage, Purple sage) is a herbaceous perennial in the family Lamiaceae. It is native to mountain areas in the western United States and northwestern Arizona, found mainly in the Great Basin Range habitat and southward to the Mojave Desert, growing in dry, well draining soils. Some large native populations of this species also are found in the Aquarius Plateau region of Southern Utah.

Morphology

Salvia dorrii is a woody subshrub reaching 1-3 feet in height and width. The grey-green leaves are narrow and lanceolate, are tapered at the base and rounded at the tip, and have a smooth and round margin. They are generally basal, and about 1-3 cm long. They have an intense but pleasant, mildly intoxicating minty aroma, with the scent released when the foliage is handled or crushed. The inflorescence is made up of spike-like clusters of numerous purple flowers that are bilateral. The flowers remain on the plants after being pollinated, with the desiccated flowers remaining for some weeks or months after flowering. The inflorescences have a strong resemblance to miniature purple-colored Pussy willows.^[4][5]

Individual tobacco sage plants form large, heavily branched hemispherical mounds 3-4 feet across in sand drainage flats along Hole in the Rock Road southeast of Escalante, Utah.^[6]

Ecology and reproduction

Salvia dorrii is an uncommon and locally rare plant with isolated populations throughout its range and requires well drained and dry soil, full sun, little water, and high summer temperatures. In Utah, it only occurs in restricted and isolated populations in steep canyons and arroyos near Moab, Utah and Escalante, Utah. It is considerably more common in Southern Utah and Northern Arizona. They occur on dry slopes in areas with sandy soils in drainage washes and banks of arroyos throughout the Mountain West which experience intermitment and very infrequent water throughout the growing season.^[7]

Uses and toxicity

Native Americans and in particular the Ute Tribe from Utah and Colorado had several uses for this plant: leaves were smoked as a tobacco substitute for their mildly hallucinogenic effects (Tobacco sage does not appear to be orally active^[8]); it was used in sweatlodge ceremonies by throwing small amounts of the leaves on the burning rocks used to make steam.

Western tribes used a tea mixed with Echinacea angustifolia, Veratrum, and Salvia dorrii to reduce the size of cancerous tumors. The compounds in Salvia dorrii were reported to potentiate the medicinal properties of Veratrum root while reducing the toxic side effects of the steroidal alkaloids found in Veratrum species. Salvia dorrii has mildly laxative effects when ingested. ^[9]

This plant can be made into a tea, which decreases sweating, salivation, and mucous secretions in the sinuses, throat, and lungs. Cold tea can be a good stomach tonic, while a lukewarm tea is good for treating sore throats. The leaves can also be used as a uterine hemostatic tea for heavy menstruation; however, since it can also decrease lactation, nursing mothers are advised not to use it.^[10]

Some chemical components found in Salvia dorrii include Salvidorol and two epimeric abietane diterpenes (2 and 3).^[11]

References

1. ^ "Salvia dorrii information from NPGS/GRIN". www.ars-grin.gov. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?447574. Retrieved on 2008-03-10. 
2. ^ [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=SADO4 PLANTS Profile for Salvia dorrii (purple sage) | USDA PLANTS
3. ^ [http://www.catalogueoflife.org/show_species_details.php?record_id=718275 Catalogue of Life : 2007 Annual Checklist : Salvia dorrii (Kellogg)
4. ^ Salvia Dorii http://www.hort.usu.edu/PlantGuide/html/Shrubs_and_Trees/Salvia_dorii.htm
5. ^ Ward, Bobby J.; Brian Mathew (2004). The Plant Hunter's Garden: The New Explorers and Their Discoveries. Timber Press. ISBN 9780881926965. http://books.google.com/books?id=FQIIHEHu1EQC&pg=PA101. 
6. ^ Hole in the Rock Road http://www.americansouthwest.net/utah/grand_staircase_escalante/hole_in_the_rock_road.html
7. ^ Salvia Dorii Habitat http://www.thearb.org/research.htm
8. ^ Psychedelic Chemistry, Michael Valentine Smith. ISBN 0915179105
9. ^ Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West, Gregory L. Tilford, ISBN 0-87842-359-1
10. ^ Edible and Medicinal Plants of the West, Gregory L. Tilford, ISBN 0-87842-359-1
11. ^ "ScienceDirect - Phytochemistry : Salvidorol, a nor-abietane diterpene with a rare carbon skeleton and two abietane diterpene derivatives from Salvia dorrii". www.sciencedirect.com. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6TH7-4J624NH-1&_user=10&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=c9cf02eac8a1e3b8d1370ed4895f9b5b. Retrieved on 2008-03-10.