Scottish Fold

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Scottish Fold
Scottish Fold with characteristic rounded face, large eyes, and forward-folded ears.
Origin	Scotland
Breed standard
CFA	standard
TICA	standard
AACE	standard
ACFA	standard
Notes
Not recognised by FIFe and GCCF

The Scottish Fold is a breed of cat with a natural dominant-gene mutation that makes its ear cartilage contain a fold, causing the ears to bend forward and down towards the front of their head, which gives the cat what is often described as an "owl-like" appearance^[1]

Originally called lop-eared or just lops after the lop-eared rabbit, Scottish Fold became the breed's name in 1966.^[1] Depending on registries, longhaired Scottish Folds are varying known as Highland Fold, Scottish Fold Longhair, Longhair Fold and Coupari.^[2]

Contents 1 History 1.1 Origin 1.2 Acceptance 1.3 Popularity 2 Characteristics 2.1 Ears 2.2 Body 2.3 Coat 2.4 Social 2.5 Habits 3 Health 4 Literature 4.1 Biography 4.2 How-to 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

History

Origin

The original Scottish Fold was a white barn cat named Susie, who was found at a farm near Coupar Angus in Perthshire, Scotland, in 1961. Susie's ears had an unusual fold in their middle, making her resemble an owl. When Susie had kittens, two of them were born with folded ears, and one was acquired by William Ross, a neighbouring farmer and cat-fancier. Ross registered the breed with the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy(GCCF) in Great Britain in 1966 and started to breed Scottish Fold kittens with the help of geneticist Pat Turner. The breeding program produced 76 kittens in the first three years—42 with folded ears and 34 with straight ears. The conclusion from this was that the ear mutation is due to a simple dominant gene; if one parent provides the gene for straight ears, and one parent provides the gene for folded ears, the kittens will be Folds.^[3]

Susie's only reproducing offspring was a female Fold named Snooks who was also white; a second kitten was neutered shortly after birth. Three months after Snooks' birth, Susie was killed by a car. All Scottish Fold cats share a common ancestry to Susie.^[2]

Acceptance

The breed was not accepted for showing in Europe and the GCCF withdrew registrations in 1971 due to concerns about genetic difficulties and ear problems such as infection, mites, and deafness, but the Folds were exported to America and the breed continued to be established using crosses with British Shorthairs and American Shorthairs. Since initial concerns were brought, the Fold breed has not had the mite and infection problems, though wax buildup in the ears may be greater than in other cats.^[2][1]

Popularity

The distinctive physical traits of the breed, combined with their reputation as unusually loving companions, make Folds highly sought-after pets and Fold kittens typically cost considerably more than kittens of more common breeds.^[4]

Characteristics

Ears

All Folds are born with straight, unfolded ears, and those with the Fold gene will begin to show the fold usually within about 21 days.^[1] The original cats only had one fold in their ears, but due to selective breeding breeders have increased the fold to a double or triple crease that causes the ear to lie totally flat against the head.

“

The breed's distinctive folded ears are produced by an incompletely dominant gene that affects the cartilage of the ears, causing the ears to fold forward and downward, giving a cap-like appearance to the head. Smaller, tightly folded ears set in a cap-like fashion are preferred to a loose fold and larger ear. The large, round eyes and rounded head, cheeks, and whisker pads add to the overall rounded appearance. Despite the folded ears, folds still use their aural appendages to express themselves—the ears swivel to listen, lay back in anger and prick up when the treat bag rustles.[4]

”

Body

The Scottish Fold is a medium-size cat, with males typically reaching 9 to 13 lbs. (6-9 for females). The Fold's entire body structure, especially the head and face, is generally rounded, and the eyes large and round. The nose will be short with a gentle curve and the cat's body well-rounded with a padded look and medium-to-short legs. The head is domed at the top, and the neck very short. The broadly-spaced eyes give the Scottish Fold a "sweet expression".^[3]

Coat

Scottish Folds can be either long- or short-haired, and they may have nearly any coat colour or combination of colours (including white) except pointed colours.^[3]

Social

Scottish Folds, whether with folded ears or with normal ears, are typically good-natured and placid and adjust to other animals within a household extremely well. They tend to become very attached to their human caregivers and are by nature quite affectionate. Folds receive high marks for playfulness, affection, and grooming, and are often intelligent, loyal, softspoken, and adaptable to home situations and people.^[2]

Habits

Folds are also known for sleeping on their backs. This is called the "Buddha Position".^[3] Scottish Folds typically have soft voices and display a complex repertoire of meows and purrs not found in better-known breeds. Folds are also known for sitting with their legs stretched out and their paws on their belly.^{[citation needed]}

Health

The typical lifespan of a Scottish Fold is 15 years.^[3]

Scottish folds are susceptible to polycystic kidney disease (PKD),^[5] and cardiomyopathy.^[6]

Osteochondrodysplasia is believed to be caused by or linked to the dominant (folded-ear) gene. If both parents have folded ears, their kittens will be extremely likely (1:4 ratio, virtually guaranteeing at least one per litter) to be affected by malformed bone structures and develop severe painful degenerative joint diseases. This condition can also affect Scottish Folds with one copy of the gene, but usually to a much lesser extent. While ethical breeders breed Fold/non-fold and not Fold/Fold (in the same way Munchkins are bred) to reduce the problem,^[3] even those with one copy of the gene develop progressive arthritis of varying severity, leading one vet to recommend abandoning the breeding of folded cats entirely.^[7][8] For this reason the breed is not accepted by either the Governing Council of the Cat Fancy^[9] or the Fédération Internationale Féline;^[10]

Literature

Biography

The Scottish Fold is featured in-depth in the short novel The Cat Who Went to Paris by Peter Gethers.^[1][11] The book and its two sequels, A Cat Abroad and The Cat Who'll Live Forever: The Final Adventures of Norton, the Perfect Cat, and His Imperfect Human, document the life of Gethers and his Fold, Norton, from their first meeting to Norton's eventual death and Gether's experiences after the loss.^[11][12][13]

How-to

Additionally, books specific to the Scottish Fold breed are available, including Scottish Fold Cats: A Complete Pet Owner's Manual (ISBN 0812049993), Guide to Owning a Scottish Fold Cat (ISBN 079382172X), and Scottish Fold Cats (Cats Set III) (ISBN 1577658671).

See also

• Scottish Fold images and pages at Wikipedia
• Cat body type genetic mutations
• American Curl, a breed with ears curving up and back, somewhat opposite to the Scottish Fold
• List of domesticated Scottish breeds
• Maru the Cat

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Scottish Fold

http://scottishfoldrescue.homestead.com/

http://www.cfainc.org/breeds/profiles/scottish.html

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