scrub oak

This is an incomplete list of Quercus species. The genus contains about 400 species.

Subgenus Quercus

Section Quercus

The white oaks (synonym sect. Lepidobalanus or Leucobalanus). Europe, Asia, north Africa, North America. Styles short; acorns mature in 6 months, sweet or slightly bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless.

• Quercus alba - White Oak - eastern North America
• Quercus aliena - Oriental White Oak - eastern Asia
• Quercus arizonica - Arizona White Oak # - southwestern U.S., nw. Mexico
• Quercus austrina - Bluff Oak - southeastern North America
• Quercus berberidifolia - California Scrub Oak # - California
• Quercus bicolor - Swamp White Oak - eastern & midwestern North America
• Quercus boyntonii - Boynton's Post Oak - south central North America
• Quercus chapmanii - Chapmann Oak # - southeastern North America
• Quercus cornelius-mulleri - Muller Oak # - southwestern North America
• Quercus copeyensis - # - Costa Rica, Panama
• Quercus dalechampii - southeastern Europe
• Quercus depressipes - Davis Mountain Oak # - Texas
• Quercus dilatata - Moru Oak # - Himalaya
• Quercus douglasii - Blue Oak - California
• Quercus dumosa - Coastal Scrub Oak # - southern California
• Quercus durata - Leather Oak # - California
• Quercus engelmannii - Engelmann Oak # - southwestern California
• Quercus faginea - Portuguese oak # - southwestern Europe
• Quercus fusiformis - Texas Live Oak or Plateau Live Oak # - south central North America
• Quercus gambelii - Gambel Oak - southwestern North America
• Quercus garryana - Oregon White Oak or Garry Oak - western North America
• Quercus geminata - Sand Live Oak # - southeastern North America
• Quercus glaucoides - # - Mexico
• Quercus grisea - Gray Oak # - south central North America
• Quercus havardii - Havard Oak, Shinnery oak, Shin Oak - south central North America
• Quercus hinckleyi - Hinckley Oak # - Texas, northwestern Mexico
• Quercus hondurensis - Honduras Oak # - Honduras
• Quercus ilex - Holly Oak or Holm Oak # - southern Europe, northwestern Africa
• Quercus intricata - Coahuila Scrub Oak # - two isolated localities in west Texas, northern Mexico
• Quercus john-tuckeri - Tucker's Oak # - southwestern North America
• Quercus laceyi - Lacey Oak - Edwards Plateau of Texas, northern Mexico
• Quercus lanata - Woolly-leaved Oak # - Himalaya
• Quercus leucotrichophora - Banj Oak # - Himalaya
• Quercus libani - Lebanese Oak # - Lebanon
• Quercus lobata - Valley Oak or California White Oak - California
• Quercus lusitanica - Gall Oak or Lusitanian Oak - Iberia, North Africa
• Quercus lyrata - Overcup Oak - eastern North America
• Quercus macrocarpa - Bur Oak - eastern and central North America
• Quercus mohriana - Mohr Oak # - southwestern North America
• Quercus michauxii - Swamp Chestnut Oak - eastern North America
• Quercus minima - Dwarf Live Oak # - southeastern North America
• Quercus mongolica - Mongolian Oak - eastern Asia
• Quercus montana - Chestnut Oak - eastern North America (syn. Q. prinus)
• Quercus muhlenbergii - Chinkapin Oak - eastern, central, and southwestern US (West Texas and New Mexico), northern Mexico
• Quercus oblongifolia - Mexican Blue Oak # - southwestern U.S., nw. Mexico
• Quercus oglethorpensis - Oglethorpe Oak - southeastern North America
• Quercus peduncularis - # - Central America
• Quercus petraea - Sessile Oak - Europe
• Quercus polymorpha - Monterrey Oak, Mexican White Oak # - Mexico and extreme S. Texas
• Quercus prinoides - Dwarf Chinkapin Oak - eastern North America
• Quercus pubescens - Downy Oak - Europe
• Quercus pungens - Sandpaper Oak # - south central North America
• Quercus robur - Pedunculate Oak or English Oak - Europe, West Asia
• Quercus rugosa - Netleaf Oak # - southwestern U.S., nw. Mexico
• Quercus sadleriana - Deer Oak # - sw. Oregon, northern California
• Quercus stellata - Post Oak - eastern North America
• Quercus toumeyi - Toumey Oak # - southwest New Mexico, southeastern Arizona, northern Mexico
• Quercus turbinella - Shrub Live Oak or Scrub Live Oak # - southwestern North America
• Quercus vaseyana - Vasey Oak # - southwestern North America
• Quercus virginiana - Southern Live Oak # - southeastern North America

Section Mesobalanus

Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 6 months, bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless (closely related to sect. Quercus and sometimes included in it).

• Quercus canariensis - Mirbeck's Oak or Algerian Oak # - North Africa & Spain
• Quercus dentata - Daimyo Oak - eastern Asia
• Quercus frainetto - Hungarian Oak or Italian Oak - southeastern Europe
• Quercus macranthera - Caucasian Oak or Persian Oak - western Asia
• Quercus pontica - Armenian Oak - western Asia
• Quercus pyrenaica - Pyrenean Oak - southwestern Europe
• Quercus vulcanica - Kasnak Oak - southwestern Asia

Section Cerris

Europe, Asia, north Africa. Styles long; acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell hairless or slightly hairy.

• Quercus acutissima - Sawtooth Oak - eastern Asia
• Quercus alnifolia - Golden Oak # - Cyprus
• Quercus calliprinos - Palestine Oak # - southwestern Asia
• Quercus castaneifolia - Chestnut-leaved Oak - Caucasus, Iran (Persia)
• Quercus cerris - Turkey Oak - southern Europe, southwestern Asia
• Quercus coccifera - Kermes Oak # - southern Europe
• Quercus infectoria - Aleppo Oak, Cyprus Oak - southern Europe, southwestern Asia
• Quercus libani - Lebanon Oak - southwestern Asia
• Quercus macrolepis - Vallonea Oak # - southwestern Asia
• Quercus semecarpifolia - Brown Oak or Kharshu Oak # - Himalaya
• Quercus suber - Cork Oak # - southwestern Europe, northwestern Africa
• Quercus trojana - Macedonian Oak # - southeastern Europe
• Quercus variabilis - Chinese Cork Oak - eastern Asia

Section Protobalanus

The intermediate oaks. Southwest USA & northwest Mexico. Styles short, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.

• Quercus cedrosensis - Cedros Island Oak # - Baja California
• Quercus chrysolepis - Canyon Live Oak # - southwestern North America
• Quercus palmeri - Palmer Oak # - sw. Oregon, California, western Arizona
• Quercus tomentella - Island Oak # - California offshore islands
• Quercus vaccinifolia - Huckleberry Oak # - southwestern North America

Section Lobatae

The red oaks (synonym sect. Erythrobalanus). North, Central & South America. Styles long, acorns mature in 18 months, very bitter, inside of acorn shell woolly.

• Quercus acerifolia - Maple-leaved Oak or Mapleleaf Oak # - south central North America
• Quercus agrifolia - Coast Live Oak # - California, northern Baja California
• Quercus arkansana - Arkansas Oak - Southeastern North America
• Quercus buckleyi - Texas Red Oak - southwestern North America
• Quercus canbyi - Canby Oak or Mexican Red Oak # - Mexico
• Quercus coccinea - Scarlet Oak - eastern North America
• Quercus costaricensis - # - Costa Rica, Panama
• Quercus cualensis - # - Mexico (Sierra Madre del Sur)
• Quercus depressa - Mexico
• Quercus eduardii - Mexico
• Quercus ellipsoidalis - Northern Pin Oak - eastern North America
• Quercus emoryi - Emory Oak # - southwestern U.S., northern Mexico
• Quercus falcata - Southern Red Oak or Spanish Oak - southeastern North America
• Quercus gravesii - Chisos Red Oak or Graves Oak - Mexico, southwestern North America (Texas)
• Quercus graciliformis - Chisos Oak # - Extreme SW North America
• Quercus georgiana - Georgia Oak - southeastern North America
• Quercus hintoniorum - # - Mexico
• Quercus hirtifolia - # - Mexico
• Quercus humboldtii - Andean Oak # - northern South America (Colombia)
• Quercus hypoleucoides - Silverleaf Oak # - southwestern North America
• Quercus hypoxantha - # - Mexico
• Quercus ilicifolia - Bear Oak - eastern North America
• Quercus iltisii - # - Southern Mexico
• Quercus imbricaria - Shingle Oak - eastern North America
• Quercus incana - Bluejack Oak - southeastern North America
• Quercus inopina - Sandhill Oak # - southeastern North America
• Quercus kelloggii - California Black Oak - California, sw. Oregon
• Quercus laevis - Turkey Oak - southeastern North America
• Quercus laurifolia - Laurel Oak # - southeastern North America
• Quercus laurina - # - Mexico
• Quercus marilandica - Blackjack Oak - eastern North America
• Quercus myrtifolia - Myrtle Oak # - southeastern North America
• Quercus nigra - Water Oak # - eastern North America
• Quercus pagoda – Cherrybark Oak - southeastern North America
• Quercus palustris - Pin Oak - eastern North America
• Quercus parvula - Santa Cruz Island Scrub Oak # - Santa Cruz Island California
• Quercus phellos - Willow Oak - eastern North America
• Quercus pumila - Runner Oak # - southeastern North America
• Quercus rhysophylla - Loquat-leaf Oak # - Mexico
• Quercus rubra - Northern Red Oak - eastern North America
• Quercus salicifolia - # - Mexico
• Quercus sapotifolia - # - southern Mexico, Central America
• Quercus shumardii - Shumard Oak - southeastern North America
• Quercus tardifolia - Lateleaf Oak # - two small clumps in Chisos Mountains of Texas
• Quercus texana - Nuttall's Oak - south central North America (Lower Mississippi River Valley)
• Quercus velutina - Black Oak or Eastern Black Oak or Dyer's Oak - eastern North America
• Quercus wislizeni - Interior Live Oak # - California
• Quercus xalapensis - # - Mexico

Subgenus Cyclobalanopsis

The ring-cupped oaks (synonym genus Cyclobalanopsis). Eastern and southeastern Asia. They are distinct from subgenus Quercus in that they have acorns with distinctive cups bearing concrescent rings of scales; they commonly also have densely clustered acorns, though this does not apply to all of the species. About 150 species.

Selected species

• Quercus acuta - Japanese Evergreen Oak. # Japan, Korea.
• Quercus albicaulis - # China.
• Quercus argentata - # Malaysia, Indonesia.
• Quercus argyrotricha - # Guizhou (China).
• Quercus augustinii - # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus austrocochinchinensis - # China, Vietnam, Thailand.
• Quercus austroglauca - # China.
• Quercus bella - # China.
• Quercus blakei - # China, Vietnam, Laos.
• Quercus camusiae - # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus championii - # China, Taiwan.
• Quercus chapensis - # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus chevalieri - # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus chingsiensis - # China.
• Quercus chungii - # China.
• Quercus daimingshanensis - # China.
• Quercus delavayi - # China.
• Quercus delicatula - # China.
• Quercus dinghuensis - # China.
• Quercus disciformis - # China.
• Quercus edithiae - # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus elevaticostata - # Fujian (China).
• Quercus fleuryi - # China, Vietnam, Laos.
• Quercus gambleana - # China, India.
• Quercus gemelliflora - # Malaysia, Indonesia.
• Quercus gilva - # Japan, Taiwan, China.
• Quercus glauca - Ring-cupped Oak. # From Afghanistan to Japan and Vietnam.
• Quercus helferiana - # China, India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam.
• Quercus hondae - # Kyūshū (Japan).
• Quercus hui - # China.
• Quercus hypophaea - # Taiwan.
• Quercus jenseniana - # China.
• Quercus jinpinensis - # China.
• Quercus kerrii - Kerr's Oak. # Vietnam, Thailand, possibly China.
• Quercus kiukiangensis - # China.
• Quercus kouangsiensis - # China.
• Quercus lamellosa - # Himalaya.
• Quercus lineata - # Malaysia, Indonesia.
• Quercus litoralis - # China.
• Quercus litseoides - # China.
• Quercus lobbii - # China, India.
• Quercus longinux - # Taiwan.
• Quercus lowii - # Borneo.
• Quercus lungmaiensis - # Yunnan (China).
• Quercus merrillii - # Sabah and Sarawak (Malaysia), Palawan (Philippines).
• Quercus morii - # Taiwan.
• Quercus motuoensis - # China.
• Quercus multinervis - # China.
• Quercus myrsinifolia - Bamboo-leaf Oak. # China, Japan, Korea, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam.
• Quercus neglecta - # China, Vietnam.
• Quercus ningangensis - # China.
• Quercus obovatifolia - # China.
• Quercus oxyodon - # Assam, Myanmar, China, Bhutan, Nepal.
• Quercus pachyloma - # China, Taiwan.
• Quercus patelliformis - # China.
• Quercus pentacycla - # China.
• Quercus phanera - # China.
• Quercus poilanei - # China, Vietnam, Thailand.
• Quercus rex - # China, Vietnam, India, Laos, Myanmar.
• Quercus salicina - # Japan, South Korea.
• Quercus saravanensis - # China, Laos, Vietnam.
• Quercus schottkyana - # China.
• Quercus semiserrata - # China, Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand.
• Quercus sessilifolia - # Japan, Taiwan, China.
• Quercus sichourensis - # Yunnan (China).
• Quercus stenophylloides - # Taiwan.
• Quercus stewardiana - # China.
• Quercus subhinoidea - # China.
• Quercus subsericea - # Malaysia, Indonesia.
• Quercus thorelii - # China, Laos, Vietnam.
• Quercus tomentosinervis - # China.
• Quercus treubiana - # Sumatra, Borneo.
• Quercus xanthotricha - # China, Laos, Vietnam.
• Quercus yingjiangensis - # China.
• Quercus yonganensis - # China.

Notes

# Species with evergreen foliage ("live oaks") are tagged #. Note that the change from deciduous to evergreen character (or vice-versa) has evolved on numerous occasions in Quercus, and does not necessarily indicate that the species concerned are closely related.

External links

• Flora of North America - Quercus
• Flora of China - Quercus
• Flora of China - Cyclobalanopsis
• Americanredoak.info

Sources

• Ohwi, J. Flora of Japan, 1984. ISBN 978-0874747089
• Soepadmo, E., Julia, S., & Rusea G. Fagaceae. In Tree Flora of Sabah and Sarawak, Volume 3, 2006. Soepadmo, E., Saw, L.G. eds. Government of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ISBN 983-2181-06-2