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The Secretariat of Public Education (Spanish: Secretaría de Educación Pública, SEP) is the governmental department responsible for education and culture in Mexico and is headed by the Secretary of Public Education, a cabinet position analogous to the education ministers of other nations.
The Secretariat was created on 25 September 1921 by President Álvaro Obregón based on a project presented by José Vasconcelos, then rector of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), who was sworn as its first Secretary on 12 October 1921.[1] Its precursor, the Secretariat of Public Instruction and Fine Arts (Secretaría de Instrucción Pública y Bellas Artes), was circumscribed to Mexico City and a handful federal territories and had been suppressed by the original text of the 1917 Constitution, which delegated educational affairs to the Mexican municipalities.[2]
Contents |
Functions
According to Article 38 of the Organic Law of the Federal Public Administration,[3] its main responsibilities are:
- The organization, management, and development of public, incorporated, or officially recognized schools.
- Diffusion of the fine and popular arts.
- The creation and maintenance of public schools in the Mexican Federal District, excluding those which are dependents of other dependencies.
- To make sure that all requirements related to preschool, primary, secondary, technical and normal education as established by the Constitution are observed and completed, and to prescribe the norms to which the incorporation of particular schools in the national educational system should adjust.
- To exercise the supervision and vigilance that proceeds in the seminaries that impart education in the Republic, conform to that which is prescribed in the 3rd article of the constitution.
- To systematically organize, administer and enrich the general or specialized libraries that are sustained by the Secretariat or that form part of its dependencies.
- To promote the creation of institutes of scientific and technical research and the establishment of laboratories, observatories, planetariums and also centers that are required for the development of primary, secondary, moral, technical and superior education; to orient, in coordination with the appropriate dependencies of the Federal Government and with the public and private entities, the development of scientific and technological research.
- To confer scholarships so that students of Mexican nationality can do research or complete foreign study programs.
- To revalidate studies and titles, and to concede authorization for the exercise of the capacities that they accredit.
- To formulate the catalog of national historic patrimony.
- To organize, sustain, and administer historic, archaeological and artistic museums, painting galleries and art galleries, to the effect of preserving the integrity, the maintenance and conservation of historic and artistic treasures of the cultural patrimony of the country.
- To conserve, protect and maintain archeological, historical, and artistic monuments that conform the cultural patrimony of the nation, attending the legal dispositions in the matter.
- To orient the artistic, cultural, recreational and sport-related activities that are realized by the federal public sector.
Main building
Coordinates: 19°26′11.57″N 99°7′53.27″W / 19.4365472°N 99.1314639°W
The Secretariat has several buildings distributed all over the country but its main offices, initially confined to the Old Dominican Convent of the Holy Incarnation in the oldest borough of Mexico City, have extended to the House of the Marquess of Villamayor (also known as the Casa de los adelantados de Nueva Galicia, built in 1530), the Old House of don Cristóbal de Oñate, a three-times Governor and General Captain of New Galicia (also built in 1530) and the Old Royal Customs House (built in 1730-31). Some of the buildings were decorated with mural paintings by Diego Rivera and other notable exponents of the Mexican muralist movement of the 20th century.[4]
Secretaries
Secretaries of Public Instruction and Fine Arts (1905-1914)
- Government of Porfirio Díaz (1884 - 1911)
- (1905 - 1911): Justo Sierra
- (1911): Jorge Vera Estañol
- Government of Francisco León de la Barra (1911)
- (1911): Francisco Vázquez Gómez
- Government of Francisco I. Madero (1911 - 1913)
- (1911 - 1912): Miguel Díaz Lombardo
- (1912 - 1913): José María Pino Suárez
- Government of Victoriano Huerta (1913 - 1914)
- (1913): Jorge Vera Estañol
- (1913): Manuel Garza Aldape
- (1913): José M. Lozano
- (1913): Eduardo Tamariz y Sánchez
- (1913 - 1914): Nemesio García Naranjo
- Government of Francisco Carvajal (1914)
- (1914): Rubén Valenti
Secretaries of Public Education of Mexico
- Government of Álvaro Obregón (1920 - 1924)
- (1921 - 1924): José Vasconcelos
- (1924): Bernardo J. Gastélum
- Government of Plutarco Elías Calles (1924 - 1928)
- (1924 - 1928): José Manuel Puig Casauranc
- (1928): Moisés Sáenz
- Government of Emilio Portes Gil (1928 - 1930)
- (1928 - 1929): Ezequiel Padilla
- (1929): Plutarco Elías Calles
- (1929 - 1930): Joaquín Amaro
- Government of Pascual Ortiz Rubio (1930 - 1932)
- (1930): Aarón Sáenz
- (1930): Carlos Trejo Lerdo de Tejada
- (1930 - 1931): José Manuel Puig Casauranc
- (1931 - 1932): Narciso Bassols
- Government of Abelardo L. Rodríguez (1932 - 1934)
- (1932 - 1934): Narciso Bassols
- (1934): Eduardo Vasconcelos
- Government of Lázaro Cárdenas del Río (1934 - 1940)
- (1934 - 1935): Ignacio García Téllez
- (1935 - 1939): Gonzalo Vázquez Vela
- (1939 - 1940): Ignacio Beteta
- Government of Manuel Ávila Camacho (1940 - 1946)
- (1940 - 1941): Luis Sánchez Pontón
- (1941 - 1943): Octavio Béjar Vázquez
- (1943 - 1946): Jaime Torres Bodet
- Government of Miguel Alemán (1946 - 1952)
- (1946 - 1952): Manuel Gual Vidal
- Government of Adolfo Ruiz Cortines (1952 - 1958)
- (1952 - 1958): José Ángel Ceniceros
- Government of Adolfo López Mateos (1958 - 1964)
- (1958 - 1964): Jaime Torres Bodet
- Government of Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (1964 - 1970)
- (1964 - 1970): Agustín Yáñez
- Government of Luis Echeverría (1970 - 1976)
- (1970 - 1975): Víctor Bravo Ahuja
- Government of José López Portillo (1976 - 1982)
- (1976 - 1977): Porfirio Muñoz Ledo
- (1977 - 1982): Fernando Solana
- Government of Miguel de la Madrid (1982 - 1988)
- (1982 - 1985): Jesús Reyes Heroles
- (1985 - 1988): Miguel González Avelar
- Government of Carlos Salinas de Gortari (1988 - 1994)
- (1988 - 1992): Manuel Bartlett Díaz
- (1992 - 1993): Ernesto Zedillo
- (1993 - 1994): Fernando Solana
- (1994): José Ángel Pescador
- Government of Ernesto Zedillo (1994 - 2000)
- (1994 - 1995): Fausto Alzati
- (1995 - 2000): Miguel Limón Rojas
- Government of Vicente Fox (2000 - 2006)
- (2000 - 2006): Reyes Tamez Guerra
- Government of Felipe Calderón Hinojosa (2006) - (2012)
- (2006 - 2009): Josefina Vázquez Mota
- (2009 - ): Alonso Lujambio
References
- ^ "Historia de la SEP" (in Spanish). Secretaría de Educación Pública. http://www.sep.gob.mx/wb/sep1/sep1_Historia_de_la_SEP/_rid/92886?page=3. Retrieved 2008-11-29.
- ^ "Historia de la SEP" (in Spanish). Secretaría de Educación Pública. http://www.sep.gob.mx/wb/sep1/sep1_Historia_de_la_SEP. Retrieved 2008-11-29.
- ^ http://www.funcionpublica.gob.mx/leyes/loapf2000.htm
- ^ "Historia de la SEP". Secretaría de Educación Pública. http://www.sep.gob.mx/wb/sep1/sep1_Conoce_la_Historia_del_Edificio_Sede1?page=2. Retrieved 2008-04-14.
External links
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