A polypeptide hormone produced in the duodenum, especially on contact with acid, to stimulate secretion of pancreatic juice.
[SECRET(ION)1 + –IN.]
secretin
Dictionary:
se·cre·tin (sĭ-krēt'n)  |
| 5min Related Video: secretin |
| Food and Nutrition: secretin |
A peptide hormone secreted by the intestinal mucosa which stimulates pancreatic secretion.
| Food and Fitness: secretin |
The first substance to be identified as a hormone. It is secreted by the lining of the small intestine in response to acid chyle (partly-digested food) passing into the duodenum from the stomach. Secretin promotes the flow of bile and pancreatic juices into the intestine, and inhibits the secretion of gastric juices. The pancreatic juices contain bicarbonates which help neutralize the acids in chyme.
| Drug Info: Secretin |
Brand names: SecreFlo™Secretin
- Drug Forms:
- Secretin injection (below)
- Secretin (Synthetic, Human) Solution for injection
- Secretin, Solution for injection
Secretin injection
What is Secretin injection?
SECRETIN ( SecreFlo™, Human Secretin® for injection, and others) is used to test the function of your pancreas and aid in the diagnosis of certain disorders of the stomach and intestines. Secretin has been used for other purposes, but other uses are not FDA approved. Secretin products are available from various manufacturers.
What should I tell my health care provider before I take this medicine?
They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
• asthma
• eczema or history of allergies
• inflammatory bowel disease
• liver disease
• pancreatitis
• vagotomy
• an unusual reaction to Secretin, other medicines, foods, dyes, or preservatives
• pregnant or trying to get pregnant
• breast-feeding
How should this medicine be used?
Secretin is for injection into a vein. It is usually given by a healthcare professional in a hospital or clinic setting.
Contact your pediatrician or health care professional regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be needed.
What drug(s) may interact with Secretin?
These drugs may interfere with your secretin test:
• amantadine
• atropine
• benztropine
• dicyclomine
• glycopyrrolate
• hyoscyamine
• medications for motion sickness (examples: dimenhydrinate, meclizine, scopolamine)
• oxybutynin
• tolterodine
Tell your prescriber or health care professional about all other medicines you are taking, including non-prescription medicines, nutritional supplements, or herbal products. Also tell your prescriber or health care professional if you are a frequent user of drinks with caffeine or alcohol, if you smoke, or if you use illegal drugs. These may affect the way your medicine works. Check with your health care professional before stopping or starting any of your medicines.
What should I watch for while taking Secretin?
What side effects may I notice from receiving Secretin?
Side effects that you should report to your prescriber or health care professional as soon as possible:
• difficulty breathing or shortness of breath
• dizziness or lightheadedness
• skin rash or itching
• slow or irregular heart rate or palpitations
Side effects that usually do not require medical attention (report to your prescriber or health care professional if they continue or are bothersome):
• abdominal cramps or discomfort
• flushing
• headache
• diarrhea
• nausea
• sweating
Where can I keep my medicine?
This does not apply. You will not store this medicine at home.
Last updated: 2/13/2005 2:40:00 PM
Important Disclaimer: The drug information provided here is for educational purposes only. It is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the diagnosis, treatment and advice of a medical professional. This drug information does not cover all possible uses, precautions, side effects and interactions. It should not be construed to indicate that this or any drug is safe for you. Consult your medical professional for guidance before using any prescription or over the counter drugs.
| Sports Science and Medicine: secretin |
An intestinal hormone secreted by the duodenum in response to acid chyme (partly-digested food) from the stomach. Secretin passes into the blood stream and promotes the flow of bile and pancreatic juices into the intestine, and inhibits gastric gland secretions.
| Veterinary Dictionary: secretin |
A hormone secreted by the mucosa of the duodenum and jejunum when acid chyme enters the intestine; carried by the blood, it stimulates the secretion of pancreatic juice and, to a lesser extent, bile and intestinal secretion.
- s. test — an examination of the gastric and duodenal contents after intravenous administration of exogenous secretin; useful in the diagnosis of disorders affecting pancreatic exocrine function, for example, pancreatitis and neoplastic disease.
| Wikipedia: Secretin |
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Secretin
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| Identifiers | |
| Symbol | SCT |
| Entrez | 6343 |
| HUGO | 10607 |
| OMIM | 182099 |
| RefSeq | NM_021920 |
| UniProt | P09683 |
| Other data | |
| Locus | Chr. 11 p15.5 |
Secretin is an anti-Müllerian hormone produced in the S cells of the duodenum in the crypts of Lieberkühn.[1] Its primary effect is to regulate the pH of the duodenal contents via the control of gastric acid secretion and buffering with bicarbonate. It was the first hormone to be identified (see Discovery). In humans, the secretin peptide is encoded by the SCT gene.[2][3]
Contents |
Discovery
In 1902, William Bayliss and Ernest Starling were studying how the nervous system controls the process of digestion.[4] It was known that the pancreas secreted digestive juices in response to the passage of food into the duodenum. They discovered (by cutting all the nerves to the pancreas in their experimental animals) that this process was not, in fact, governed by the nervous system. They determined that a substance secreted by the intestinal lining stimulates the pancreas after being transported via the bloodstream. They named this intestinal secretion secretin. Secretin was the first such "chemical messenger" identified. This type of substance is now called a hormone, a term coined by Bayliss in 1905.
Structure
Secretin is a linear peptide hormone, which is composed of 27 amino acids and has a molecular weight of 3055. A helix is formed in the amino acids between positions 5 and 13. The amino acids sequences of secretin have some similarities to that of glucagon, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP). Fourteen of 27 amino acids of secretin reside in the same positions as in glucagon, 7 the same as in VIP, and 10 the same as in GIP.[5]
Secretin also has an amidated carboxyl-terminal amino acid which is valine.[6] The sequence of amino acids in secretin is:
- HO2C–His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Glu-Leu-Ser-Arg-Leu-Arg-Asp-Ser-Ala-Arg-Leu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Leu-Gln-Gly-Leu-Val–NH2.[6]
Physiology
Production
Secretin is synthesized in cytoplasmic secretory granules of S-cells which are found mainly in mucosa of duodenum, and smaller numbers in jejunum of small intestine.[7]
Stimulus
Secretin is released into circulation and/or intestinal lumen in response to low duodenal pH that ranges between 4 and 4.5 depending on species.[8]
It is the active form of prosecretin. This acidity is due to hydrochloric acid in the chyme that enters the duodenum from the stomach via the pyloric sphincter. Secretin targets the pancreas, which cause the organ to secrete a bicarbonate-rich fluid that flows into the intestine. Bicarbonate ion is a base that neutralizes the acid, thus establishing a pH favorable to the action of other digestive enzymes to the small intestine and preventing acid burns[9] Other factors are also involved in the release of secretin such as bile salts and fatty acids, which result in additional bicarbonates being added to the small intestine.[10] Secretin release is inhibited by H2 receptor antagonists, which reduce gastric acid secretion. As a result, the pH in the duodenum increases above 4.5, and secretin cannot be released.[11]
Function
Secretin stimulates the secretion of bile from the liver. It also increases watery bicarbonate solution from pancreatic duct epithelium. Pancreatic acinar cells have secretin receptors in their plasma membrane. As secretin binds to these receptors, it stimulates adenylate cyclase activity and converts ATP to cyclic AMP.[12] Cyclic AMP acts as second messenger in intracellular signal transduction and leads to increase in release of watery carbonate.It is known to promote the normal growth and maintenance of the pancreas.
Secretin increases water and bicarbonate secretion from duodenal Brunner's glands in order to buffer the incoming protons of the acidic chyme.[13] It also enhances the effects of cholecystokinin to induce the secretion of digestive enzymes and bile from pancreas and gallbladder, respectively.
It counteracts blood glucose concentration spikes by triggering increased insulin release from pancreas, following oral glucose intake.<[14]
It also reduces acid secretion from the stomach by inhibiting gastrin release from G cells.[citation needed] This helps neutralize the pH of the digestive products entering the duodenum from the stomach, as digestive enzymes from the pancreas (eg, pancreatic amylase and pancreatic lipase) function optimally at slightly basic pH.[citation needed]
In addition, secretin simulates pepsin secretion, which can help break down proteins in food digestion. It also stimulates release of glucagon, pancreatic polypeptide and somatostatin.[8]
Uses
Secretin has been widely used in medical field especially in pancreatic functioning test. Secretin is either injected[15] or given through the tube that is inserted through nose, stomach then duodenum.[16] This test can provide information whether there are any abnormalities in pancreas which can be gastrinoma, pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer.
Extensive research has been conducted on the use of secretin to treat Autism. A "gut-brain" theory of autism proposes a link between the gastrointestinal disorders observed in many children with autism and their brain dysfunctions.[17]
References
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2007) |
- ^ Häcki WH (September 1980). "Secretin". Clin Gastroenterol 9 (3): 609–32. PMID 7000396.
- ^ Kopin AS, Wheeler MB, Leiter AB (March 1990). "Secretin: structure of the precursor and tissue distribution of the mRNA". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87 (6): 2299–303. doi:. PMID 2315322. PMC: 53674. http://www.pnas.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=2315322.
- ^ Whitmore TE, Holloway JL, Lofton-Day CE, Maurer MF, Chen L, Quinton TJ, Vincent JB, Scherer SW, Lok S (2000). "Human secretin (SCT): gene structure, chromosome location, and distribution of mRNA". Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 90 (1-2): 47–52. doi:. PMID 11060443. http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?typ=fulltext&file=ccg90047.
- ^ Bayliss W, Starling EH (1902). "The mechanism of pancreatic secretion". J. Physiol. (London) 28: 325–353.
- ^ Williams, Robert L. (1981). Textbook of Endocrinology. Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 697. ISBN 0-7216-9398-9.
- ^ a b DeGroot, Leslie Jacob (1989). J. E. McGuigan. ed. Endocrinology. Philadelphia: Saunders. pp. 2748. ISBN 0-7216-2888-5.
- ^ Polak JM, Coulling I, Bloom S, Pearse AG (1971). "Immunofluorescent localization of secretin and enteroglucagon in human intestinal mucosa". Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 6 (8): 739–44. PMID 4945081.
- ^ a b Frohman, Lawrence A.; Felig, Philip (2001). "Gastrointestinal Hormones and Carcinoid Syndrome". in P. K. Ghosh and T. M. O’Dorisio. Endocrinology & metabolism. New York: McGraw-Hill, Medical Pub. Div. pp. 1326. ISBN 0-07-022001-8.
- ^ http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/gi/secretin.html
- ^ Osnes M, Hanssen LE, Flaten O, Myren J (March 1978). "Exocrine pancreatic secretion and immunoreactive secretin (IRS) release after intraduodenal instillation of bile in man". Gut 19 (3): 180–4. doi:. PMID 631638. PMC: 1411891. http://gut.bmj.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=631638.
- ^ Rominger JM, Chey WY, Chang TM (July 1981). "Plasma secretin concentrations and gastric pH in healthy subjects and patients with digestive diseases". Digestive diseases and sciences 26 (7): 591–7. doi:. PMID 7249893.
- ^ Gardner JD (1978). "Receptors and gastrointestinal hormones". in Sleisenger MH, Fordtran JS. Gastrointestinal Disease (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company.
- ^ Hall, John E.; Guyton, Arthur C. (2006). Textbook of medical physiology. St. Louis, Mo: Elsevier Saunders. pp. 800–801. ISBN 0-7216-0240-1.
- ^ Kraegen EW, Chisholm DJ, Young JD, Lazarus L (March 1970). "The gastrointestinal stimulus to insulin release. II. A dual action of secretin". J. Clin. Invest. 49 (3): 524–9. doi:. PMID 5415678.
- ^ "Human Secretin". Patient Information Sheets. United States Food and Drug Administration. 2004-07-13. http://www.fda.gov/cder/consumerinfo/druginfo/Human_Secretin.HTM. Retrieved on 2008-11-01.
- ^ "Secretin stimulation test". MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. United States National Library of Medicine. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003892.htm#Definition. Retrieved on 2008-11-01.
- ^ "The Use of Secretin to Treat Autism". NIH News Alert. United States National Institutes of Health. 1998-10-16. http://www.nichd.nih.gov/news/releases/secretin.cfm. Retrieved on 2008-11-30.
See also
External links
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 | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2007. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Food and Nutrition. A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. Copyright © 1995, 2003, 2005 by A. E. Bender and D. A. Bender. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved. Read more |
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Mentioned in
- enteroendocrine
- Secretin injection
- Sir William Maddock Bayliss (British physiologist)
- Who discovered the first hormone? (anatomy)
- pancreatic juice (material – in anatomy)
- pancreas
- Hormone
- chyme (material – in anatomy)
- gastrointestinal
- Repligen Corporation (Public Company)
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