seisin

Seisin (also spelled seizin) is the possession of such an estate in land as was anciently thought worthy to be held by a free man.^[1] As ownership and possession of land was paramount in the Middle Ages, seisin approximates modern "freehold" ownership of land,^[2] or the right to immediate possession.^[3]

Etymology

Seisin comes from Middle English saysen, seysen, in the legal sense of to put in possession of, or to take possession of, hence, to grasp, to seize. The Old French variations seisir, saisir, are from Low Latin sacire, generally referred to the same source as Gothic satjan, Old English settan, to put in place, set.

Country

England

Seisin is of two kinds, in law and in deed. Seisin in law is where lands descend and the heir has not actually entered upon them; by entry he converts his seisin in law into seisin in deed. Seisin is now confined to possession of the freehold, though at one time it appears to have been used for simple possession without regard to the estate of the possessor. Its importance is considerably less than it was at one time, owing to the old form of conveyance by feoffment with livery of seisin having been superseded by a deed of grant, and the old rule of descent from the person last seised having been abolished in favour of descent from the purchaser.

At one time the right of the wife to dower and of the husband to an estate by curtesy depended upon the doctrine of seisin. The Dower Act (1833-1834), however, rendered the fact of the seisin of the husband of no importance, and the Married Women's Property Act 1882 practically abolished the old law of curtesy.

Primer seisin was a feudal burden at one time incident to the king's tenants in capite, whether by knight service or in socage. It was the right of the Crown to receive of the heir, after the death of a tenant in Capite, one year's profits of lands in possession and half a years profits of lands in reversion. The right was abandoned by the Tenures Abolition Act 1660.

Ireland

Following the Norman Invasion of Ireland, feudalism was introduced in those areas under Norman Control. The most important legal concept in the feudal period in relation to land was seisin^[4]

In European feudalism

In European feudal courts, ownership of land was rarely an operative principle. Instead seisin was referred to, the term seisin meant "possession made venerable by the lapse of time". Paper documentary evidence was not required to establish seisin, rather human memory of the use of land or administration of justice there was invoked, especially these by the ancestors.^[5]

See also

• Livery of seisin
• Moot hill Sasine ceremony of barony rights.
• Quia Emptores

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.