Ancient city, on the
Tigris River, central Iraq. Founded by
Seleucus I Nicator in the late 4th century
BC as his eastern capital, it replaced
Babylon as
Mesopotamia's leading city. The population, which Pliny the Elder estimated at 600,000, was composed largely of Macedonians and Greeks and also included Jews and Syrians. During the Parthian domination of the Tigris-Euphrates valley that began in the 2nd century
BC, it maintained its position and trade despite its Greek sympathies. In
AD 165 the Romans burned the city, marking the end of Hellenism in Mesopotamia.
See also Seleucid dynasty.
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