Sevoflurane (2,2,2-trifluoro-1-[trifluoromethyl]ethyl fluoromethyl ether), also called fluoromethyl, is a
sweet-smelling, non-flammable, highly fluorinated methyl isopropyl ether used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. Together with desflurane, it is replacing
isoflurane and halothane in modern anesthesiology. It is often administered in a mixture of nitrous oxide
and oxygen. After desflurane it is the volatile
anesthetic with the fastest onset and offset. Though desflurane has the lowest blood/gas coefficient of the currently used
volatile anesthetics, sevoflurane is the preferred agent for mask induction due to its lesser irritation to mucous membranes.
Though it vaporizes readily, it is a liquid at room temperature and is administered via an anesthetic vaporizer attached to an anesthetic
machine.
It was introduced into clinical practice initially in Japan in 1990.
Sevoflurane forms at least two degradation products, Compound A [fluoromethyl-2,2-difluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)vinyl
ether] and Compound B [1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)-3-methoxypropane], on contact with the soda lime in a rebreathing apparatus, which absorbs exhaled
carbon dioxide, especially at higher temperatures and when the soda lime is desiccated.
Compound A has been shown to cause renal necrosis in rats. In humans, direct histological evidence of renal toxicity has not been
demonstrated, although there is dose-related proteinuria, glycosuria and enzymuria. During low-flow anaesthesia, when the lower fresh gas flow leads to decreased
flushing of the circuit and increased temperature of the soda lime, Compound A may build up to clinically significant levels. As
a result, sevoflurane is sometimes administered with a minimum fresh gas flow of 2 liters per minute, making it a relatively
expensive choice for maintaining general anesthesia.
Physical properties
| Boiling point: |
58.6 °C |
(at 101.325 kPa) |
| Density: |
1.517–1.522 g/cm³ |
(at 20 °C) |
| MAC : |
2 vol % |
|
| Molecular Weight: |
200 u |
|
| Vapor pressure: |
157 mmHg (20.9 kPa) |
(at 20 °C) |
|
197 mmHg (26.3 kPa) |
(at 25 °C) |
|
317 mmHg (42.3 kPa) |
(at 36 °C) |
| Blood:Gas Partition Coefficient: |
0.6 |
|
| Oil:Gas Partition Coefficient: |
47 |
|
|
External links
|
Anesthetic: General anesthetics (N01A) |
| Barbiturates |
Hexobarbital,
Methohexital, Narcobarbital, Thiopental |
| Ethers |
Diethyl
ether, Desflurane, Enflurane, Isoflurane, Methoxyflurane, Methoxypropane, Sevoflurane, Vinyl
ether |
| Haloalkanes |
Chloroform,
Halothane, Trichloroethylene |
| Opioids |
Alfentanil, Anileridine, Fentanyl,
Phenoperidine, Remifentanil, Sufentanil |
| Others |
Alfaxalone,
Droperidol, Etomidate, Hydroxybutyric acid, Ketamine/Esketamine, Minaxolone, Nitrous
oxide, Propanidid, Propofol, Xenon |
http://www.priory.com/anaesthesia/propofol_and_sevoflurane.htm
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