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| Shabbir Ahmad Usmani | |
|---|---|
| Full name | Shabbir Ahmad Usmani |
| Born | 1885 CE[1] |
| Died | 1949 CE[1] |
| Era | Modern era |
| Region | Islamic scholar |
| Main interests | Tafsir, Hadith, Shari'a |
| Notable ideas | Qarardad Maqasid (Objective Resolutions) as the basis for the Constitution of Pakistan |
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Hazrat Shaikhul Islam Muhaqqiqul 'Asr Moulana Shabbir Ahmad 'Uthmani (October 6, 1886 - December 13, 1949) (Arabic: شبير أحمد عثماني) was an eminent Islamic scholar who endeavoured to provide Pakistan with an Islamic system of governance after its creation in 1947. He was a prominent theologian, writer, orator, politician, and expert in tafsir and hadith. He was also a student and khalifa of Shaikhul Hind Mahmud ul Hasan.
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Early life
Hazrat was born on October 6, 1886 in Bijnor, a city in Uttar Pradesh, India. His father, Moulana Fadhlur Rahman, was the deputy inspector of schools and had been sent to Bareilly when his son was born. Hazrat was educated at Darul 'Ulum Deoband. In Deoband, he became a disciple of Shaikhul Hind Mahmud ul Hasan (RA). After achieving the highest mark on his final examination, Hazrat graduated with distinction in 1908. After his graduation, Hazrat was appointed as a mudarris (teacher) at Darul 'Ulum Deoband due to his extraordinary skills. In 1910, the first convocation of Darul 'Ulum Deoband was held, where Hazrat delivered a marvelous lecture. Therefore, he was appointed as a permanent mudarris at Darul 'Ulum Deoband. In 1915, when Hazrat Shaikhul Hind journeyed to Hijaz, Hazrat filled his position as the teacher of Sahih Muslim. Hazrat's remarkable lessons on Sahih Muslim displayed his marvelous intelligence and abilities. In 1344 AH, Sultan Abdul Aziz bin Sa'ud scheduled a conference for prominent 'Ulama from all over the world. A deputation of a number of 'Ulama from India participated in this conference. Hazrat was a member of this deputation. Sultan Abdul Aziz bin Sa'ud was impressed by Hazrat's eloquent and scholarly lectures and initiated a number of reforms in his administration. In 1345 AH, Hazrat and a number of prominent teachers of Darul 'Ulum Deoband were forced to leave due to some unavoidable circumstances.[clarification needed] Therefore, they shifted to Dabhel and became teachers at Jami'a Islamiyyah. In 1352 AH, when Allama Anwar Shah Kashmiri died, Hazrat became the teacher of Sahih ul Bukhari.
Literary works
Hazrat's greatest literary work is Tafsir-e-'Uthmani. This is the Urdu translation of the tafsir of the Qur'an written by his Shaikh, Shaikhul Hind Mahmud ul Hasan. In this work, Hazrat derived extracts from thirteen or fourteen other works of tafsir. Hadhrat's second most renowned literary work is Fathul Mulhim Sharh Sahih Muslim, which is a commentary on Sahih Muslim. Unfortunately, due to his hectic schedule, Hazrat was only able to complete and publish three volumes. However, this work was complemented by a six-volume work, Takmila Fathul Mulhim, which was written and published by Mufti Muhammad Taqi 'Uthmani. Another of Hazrat's memorable works is Tark-e-Muvalaat Par Mufassal Tabsera, a pamphlet written in 1921 in which Hazrat requested that the 'Ulama lead the Muslims of India against the British. This pamphlet was so persuasive in its arguments and powerful in its content that it was banned by the British government. Hazrat's other literary works include Hamara Pakistan (a pamphlet written in 1942), Hamara Islam, and Khutbat-e-'Uthmani.
Political Career & Death
During the Balkan War, Hazrat held a prominent position in the collection of donations for the Hilal-e-Ahmar Fund. In 1944, he became a member of the Muslim League and endeavoured for the creation of Pakistan. He was one of the few Deobandis who supported the establishment of Pakistan. Hazrat also founded the Jamiatul 'Ulama-e-Islam in 1946, which effectively counteracted the Anti-Pakistan Movement propaganda and activities held by the Jamiatul 'Ulama-e-Hind. He served as its president until his death. It was due to Hazrat's efforts that the Muslim League became a powerful organization and succeeded in the achievement of its goal.[citation needed] For this reason, after the establishment of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah maintained close relations with Hazrat and consulted him in all of his matters.[citation needed] Through this association, Jinnah became more fervent in Islam and often referred to Islam in his speeches for the solution of national problems.
Hazrat's relationship with Jinnah progressed to the point that Jinnah requested Hazrat to lead his funeral prayers. After the Partition of India, Hazrat became a member of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan and remained a member till his death. Hazrat is remembered for having written the Qarardad Maqasid (Objective Resolutions) in March of 1949, which was passed by the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan and became the basis of the Constitution of Pakistan. Hazrat also participated in the preparation of the first draft of the Constitution of Pakistan as well, and conducted the inauguration of the flag of Pakistan and the Constituent Assembly as per the wish of Jinnah. Hazrat died at Baghdad ul Jadid in Bahawalpur State on December 13, 1949 and was buried in Karachi.
References
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