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Shalim (derived from the triconsonantal Semitic root S-L-M, and also romanized as Shalem, Salem, and Salim) was the name of a god in the Canaanite religion pantheon, mentioned in inscriptions found in Ugarit (Ras Shamra) in Syria.[1][2] William F. Albright identified Shalim as the god of dusk, and Shahar, as the goddess of the dawn.[3] In the Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible, Shalim is also identified as the deity representing Venus or the "Evening Star," and Shahar, the "Morning Star".[1]
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Ugaritic inscriptions
An Ugaritic myth known as The Gracious and Most Beautiful Gods, describes Shalim and his sister Shahar as offspring of El through two women he meets at the seashore. They are both nursed by "The Lady", likely Anat (Athirat or Asherah), and have appetites as large as "(one) lip to the earth and (one) lip to the heaven." In other Ugaritic texts, they are associated with the sun goddess.[1]
Another inscription is a sentence repeated three times in a para-mythological text , "Let me invoke the gracious gods, the voracious gods of ym." Ym in most Semitic languages means "day," and Shalim and Shahar the twin deities of the dusk and dawn, were conceived of as its beginning and end.[4]
Shalim is also mentioned separately in the Ugaritic god lists and forms of his name also appear in personal names, perhaps as a divine name or epithet.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d van der Toorn et al., 1999, pp. 755-6.
- ^ Golan, 2003, p. 82. "The name of the Canaanite deity of the setting sun Salim, or Salem, [...] The names [of Sahar and Salim] are rendered in modern scholarly texts as Shakhar and Shalim [...]"
- ^ Albright, 1990,p. 187.
- ^ van der Toorn et al., 1999, p. 222.
Bibliography
- Albright, William Foxwell (1990). Yahweh and the gods of Canaan: a historical analysis of two contrasting faiths (Reprint ed.). EISENBRAUNS. ISBN 0931464013, 9780931464010.
- Golan, Ariel (2003). Prehistoric religion: mythology, symbolism. Ariel Golan (Original from the Uniersity of Virginia. ISBN 9659055501, 9789659055500.
- van der Toorn, K.; Becking, Bob; van der Horst, Pieter Willem (1999). Dictionary of deities and demons in the Bible DDD (2nd, revised ed.). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 0802824919, 9780802824912.
See also
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