Shiga

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Shiga Prefecture
Japanese: 滋賀県 Shiga-ken
Capital	Ōtsu
Region	Kinki
Island	Honshū
Governor	Yukiko Kada
Area (rank)	4,017.36 km² (38th)
- % water	14.0%
Population  (April 1, 2000)
- Population	1,337,770 (31st)
- Density	332 /km²
Districts	5
Municipalities	26
ISO 3166-2	JP-25
Website	www.pref.shiga.jp/ english/index.html
Prefectural Symbols
- Flower	Rhododendron (Rhododendron metternichii var. hondoense)
- Tree	Japanese maple (Acer palmatum)
- Bird	Little Grebe (Tachybaptus ruficollis)
- Fish	{{{Fish}}}
Symbol of Shiga Prefecture
Template ■ Discussion ■ WikiProject Japan

Shiga Prefecture (滋賀県, Shiga-ken^?) is a prefecture of Japan which is part of the Kinki region on Honshū Island. The capital is the city of Ōtsu.

History

Shiga was known as Ōmi Province before the prefectural system was established.

Geography

Map of Shiga Prefecture.

Shiga shares a border with Fukui Prefecture in the north, Gifu Prefecture in the east, Mie Prefecture in the southeast, and Kyoto Prefecture in the west.

Different areas of the prefecture include Kohoku (north of lake), Kosei (west of lake), Koto (east of lake), and Konan (south of lake).

Lake Biwa, Japan's largest lake, is located at the center of this prefecture. It occupies one-sixth the total area of Shiga. The prefecture is enclosed by mountain ranges with the Hira Mountains in the west, the Ibuki mountain range in the east, and the Suzuka Mountains in the southeast. Northern Shiga is substantially colder with higher snowfall than in southern Shiga, which is usually warmer.

The Seta River flows out from Lake Biwa to Osaka Bay through Kyoto. This is the only natural river which flows out from the lake. All of the other natural rivers flow into the lake.

Shiga Prefecture viewed from space.

Cities

Thirteen cities are located in Shiga Prefecture:

Towns

These are the towns in each district.

Mergers

Politics

• Shiga Gubernatorial election, 2006

Economy

Since the Medieval Period, many Shiga people have actived in Japanese commercial field and been called Ōmi merchants (近江商人, Ōmi shōnin^?). For example, Nippon Life, Itochu, Marubeni, Takashimaya, Wacoal and Yanmar are founded by person from Shiga.

Now, a number of major companies have factories in Shiga such as IBM Japan, Canon, Yanmar Diesel, Mitsubishi, and Toray.

Demographics

The population is concentrated along the southern shore of Lake Biwa in Otsu city (adjacent to Kyoto) and along the eastern shore of Lake Biwa. Cities on the eastern shore like Kusatsu and Moriyama are within commuting distance to Kyoto. In recent years, many Brazilians have settled in Shiga to work in nearby factories. The lake's western shores are more rural and resort-oriented with white-sand swimming beaches.

Culture

Sagawa Art Museum

The Tonda Traditional Bunraku Puppet Troupe, a Japanese puppet theater in the form known as ningyō jōruri or Bunraku, is based in Biwa Town, on the shore of Lake Biwa in the northeastern part of Shiga Prefecture. Founded in the 1830s, the Tonda Puppet Troupe is one of the most active traditional puppet theaters in Japan outside the National Theater in Osaka. In Moriyama, there is also the Sagawa Art Museum.

Sports

The following sports teams are based in Shiga.

• Basketball: Shiga LakeStars (www.lakestars.net)
• Volleyball: Toray Arrows (women's volleyball team) (Otsu)
• Football (soccer): MIO Biwako Kusatsu (Kusatsu), Sagawa Shiga F.C. (Moriyama).

Tourism

Ukimido floating temple near Katata.

The main gateways to Shiga are the Maibara Station in northern Shiga and the city of Otsu in the south.

There are temples, castles, festivals, historical persons, and natural beauty that rank among those of national importance. Shiga's most prominent feature is Lake Biwa, Japan's largest lake. The lake can be visited either by car (you can drive completely around it in one day) or by boat. The northern part of the lake is especially scenic. The western shore has white-sand swimming beaches, popular among Kyotoites during the summer. It is less developed than the eastern shore where there are cities such as Nagahama, Hikone, and Omi-Hachiman.

From Otsu, the Michigan paddlewheel boat offers cruises on Lake Biwa.

Boat cruises such as the well-known Michigan paddlewheeler and cruises to scenic Chikubu Island are worthy excursions. Many lakeside towns also offer rental bicycles where you can hop on the bicycle at one train station and ride to another train station to return it. Cycling is a great way to see Shiga and the lake shore roads are very scenic. In spring, don't miss riding (or driving) through a stretch of road in Kaizu Osaki on the northern shore lined with cherry trees. It is one of "100 cherry blossoms sights in Japan".

Beautiful views of the lake can also be had from mountain roads like the Oku-Biwako Parkway road up north and the Hiei-zan Driveway and Oku-Hiei Driveway overlooking the southwestern shore. In Otsu, the Otsu Prince Hotel's Top of Otsu restaurant provides a superb high, panoramic view of the lake and city.

Like other prefectures, festivals abound in Shiga. Unique festivals include the Hikiyama Festival held each April in Nagahama. During this festival ornate floats are mounted with miniature stages on which highly-skilled boys (playing both male and female roles) act in kabuki plays. Meanwhile, Higashiomi (formerly Yokaichi) city holds a Giant Kite Festival every May along the riverbank. Ordinary people are invited to pull the rope that sends the kites aloft (unfortunately they don't fly very long if there's no wind).

Hikone Castle.

Shiga's most famous building is Hikone Castle, a national treasure. The castle tower is well preserved and provides a good glimpse into how a real castle looked during Japan's feudal period. It also has many cherry trees. The castle is associated with Ii Naosuke, who was the Tokugawa shogunate's Great Elder (Tairō). He favored and concluded commercial treaties with the Western powers and thus broke Japan's isolation from the world in the 19th century.

Shiga's second-most famous building is Ishiyama Temple in Otsu. It has a room where one of Japan's most famous novels, Tale of Genji was written.

Shiga Prefecture is also famous for its Omi Hakkei or Eight Views of Omi, popularized by Hiroshige's picturesque woodblock prints. Unfortunately, most of the original eight views are now almost gone or totally different from what they were centuries ago. One of them was set in Katata, home of the Ukimido, another famous building in Shiga. It is a small temple building built on stilts (now concrete pillars) on the lake near the shore, accessible by a short bridge.

Prefectural symbols

Lake Biwa, Hikone Castle, Omi Hakkei (Eight Views of Omi), Funa-zushi, Omi beef, Shigaraki ware, Koga Ninja

Miscellaneous topics

Shiga also produced the 75th prime minister, Sosuke Uno from Moriyama. He was one of the shortest-serving prime ministers in Japan, holding office for only three months (June–August 1989). Shiga was also the hometown of the famous pen spinner bonkura.

Sister states

• Michigan, USA
• Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
• Hunan, People's Republic of China

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Shiga prefecture

• Shiga Prefecture Home page (English)
• Shiga Photos at PHOTOGUIDE.JP
• Shiga Videos from PHOTOGUIDE.JP via YouTube

v • d • e Shiga Prefecture Cities Higashiōmi | Hikone | Kōka | Konan | Kusatsu | Maibara | Moriyama | Nagahama | Ōtsu (capital) | Ōmihachiman | Rittō | Takashima | Yasu Districts Echi | Gamō | Higashiazai | Ika | Inukami Former Districts Kanzaki | Kōka | Kurita | Nishiazai | Sakata | Shiga | Takashima | Yasu See also: Towns and villages by district

v • d • e Regions and administrative divisions of  Japan Regions Hokkaidō · Tōhoku · Kantō · Chūbu (Hokuriku · Kōshin'etsu · Shin'etsu · Tōkai) · Kansai · Chūgoku (San'in • San'yō) · Shikoku · Kyūshū (Ryūkyū  · Northern Kyushu) Prefectures Hokkaidō Hokkaidō Tōhoku Akita · Aomori · Fukushima · Iwate · Miyagi · Yamagata Kantō Chiba · Gunma · Ibaraki · Kanagawa · Saitama · Tochigi · Tokyo Chūbu Aichi · Fukui · Gifu · Ishikawa · Nagano · Niigata · Shizuoka · Toyama · Yamanashi Kansai Hyōgo · Kyoto · Mie · Nara · Osaka · Shiga · Wakayama Chūgoku Hiroshima · Okayama · Shimane · Tottori · Yamaguchi Shikoku Ehime · Kagawa · Kōchi · Tokushima Kyūshū Kyūshū (Mainland): Fukuoka · Kagoshima · Kumamoto · Miyazaki · Nagasaki · Ōita · Saga Ryūkyū Islands: Okinawa

Coordinates: 35°7′N 136°4′E / 35.117°N 136.067°E / 35.117; 136.067