Sialolithiasis

Sialolithiasis
Classification and external resources
Salivary sublingual gland stones
ICD-10	K11.5
ICD-9	527.5
DiseasesDB	29364
MeSH	D015494

Sialolithiasis refers to the formation of stones in the salivary glands. Stones are most commonly found in the submandibular gland, where stones can obstruct Wharton's duct. It is frequently associated with chronic infection (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus viridans) of the glands, dehydration (phenothiazines), and/or increased local levels of calcium, but in many cases can arise idiopathically. Pain, when present, usually originates from the floor of the mouth, although in many cases the stones cause only intermittent swelling.

Since chewing promotes release of saliva, symptoms tend to increase during meals. A palpable lump or visible swelling in the area of the gland is often noted.

Complications include persistent obstruction of the duct, leading to bacterial invasion, overgrowth and infection (sialoadenitis). This can require IV antibiotics such as nafcillin, and sometimes surgical drainage.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis is usually made by characteristic history and physical examination. Diagnosis can be confirmed by x-ray (80% of salivary gland calculi are visible on x-ray), or by sialogram or ultrasound.

Treatment

Treatment involves hydration, moist heat, NSAIDs occasionally, and having the patient take any food or beverage that is bitter and/or sour. Sucking on something sour, such as a lemon, may increase salivation and promote spontaneous expulsion of the stone. Salivary stones in the salivary duct may be massaged out, or an ENT or maxillofacial surgeon may canulate the duct to remove the stone (sialotomy) if symptoms persist.

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