| Sidónio Pais | |
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Minister of Foment
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| In office September 3, 1911 – November 12, 1911 |
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| Prime Minister | João Chagas |
| Preceded by | Brito Camacho |
| Succeeded by | José Estêvão de Vasconcelos |
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Minister of Finances
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| In office November 12, 1911 – June 16, 1912 |
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| Prime Minister | Augusto de Vasconcelos |
| Preceded by | Duarte Leite |
| Succeeded by | António Vicente Ferreira |
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| In office December 5, 1917 – December 14, 1918 |
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| President | None (Himself, as Prime Minister was the head of state) |
| Preceded by | Bernardino Machado (as President) Afonso Costa (as Prime Minister) |
| Succeeded by | Himself (as President) João do Canto e Castro (as Prime Minister) |
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Minister for War
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| In office December 5, 1917 – May 11, 1918 |
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| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | José Norton de Matos |
| Succeeded by | João Tamagnini Barbosa |
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Minister of Foreign Affairs
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| In office December 5, 1917 – May 11, 1918 |
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| Prime Minister | Himself |
| Preceded by | Augusto Vieira Soares (efective) Ernesto Jardim Vilhena (interim) |
| Succeeded by | Francisco Xavier Esteves |
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| In office April 28, 1918 – December 14, 1918 |
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| Preceded by | Bernardino Machado (effective) Himself (interim, as Prime Minister Head of State) |
| Succeeded by | João do Canto e Castro |
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| Born | May 1, 1872 Caminha, Kingdom of Portugal |
| Died | December 14, 1918 (aged 46) Lisbon, Portuguese Republic |
| Political party | National Republican Party (Sidonist Party) |
| Spouse(s) | Maria dos Prazeres Martins Bessa; Ema Manso Preto (non-marital liaison) |
| Children | Sidónio, António, Maria Sidónia, Afonso and Pedro; Maria Olga (out of wedlock) |
| Occupation | Military officer (Major) Lecturer of Mathematics and Astronomy |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
| Nickname(s) | Presidente-Rei (President-King) |
Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais (Portuguese pronunciation: [siˈdɔniu ˈpaiʃ]; Caminha, Caminha, May 1, 1872–Lisbon, December 14, 1918) was a Portuguese politician and diplomat, 4th President in 1918. He was known as the President-King.
He was the eldest child and son of Sidónio Alberto Marrocos Pais (Caminha, Nossa Senhora da Assunção, November 1, 1846[1] – Ferreira do Zêzere, Dornes, August 27, 1883), a Law Clerk and Public Notary in Caminha and later in Pedrógão Grande and Sertã, and wife (m. Caminha, Nossa Senhora da Assunção, June 22, 1871) Rita Júlia Cardoso da Silva (Caminha, Caminha, August 29, 1844 – Caminha, Caminha, March 9, 1919). His brothers and sisters were Rita (b. Caminha, Caminha, 1873), Alberto (Caminha, Caminha, 1874 – Caminha, Caminha, 1877), António (Caminha, Caminha, November 15, 1876 – Lisbon, Hospital da Marinha, June 27, 1949), who was also a military and married at the Igreja Matriz de Caminha, Caminha, May 7, 1904 Júlia Cândida de Sant' Ana Cerqueira (Caminha, Caminha, September 1, 1881 – Lisbon, June 6, 1968) and had issue, Ana da Glória (b. Caminha, Caminha, 1878), Alberto (b. Pedrógão Grande, 1881, d. child) and Aureliano (b. Sertã, 1883, d. child).
He was an army officer and taught mathematics at the Army School, and later, at the University of Coimbra. He became a member of Parliament in 1911, and from November 12, 1911 he was the 4th Minister of Finance for a short period. He was ambassador in Berlin from 1912 until 1916, when Portugal joined the First World War on the Allied side.
On December 5, 1917, he led an uprising against Afonso Costa's Democratic Party government, and established an authoritarian regime. He became the 99th Prime-Minister and was elected President (unopposed) on April 28, 1918. He also became the Minister for Foreign Affairs from December 11, 1917 until May 9, 1918.
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His short period in office saw a warming of Church-state relations, the extension of the electoral franchise, and the smashing defeat of the ill-prepared Portuguese troops at La Lys, in France.
He escaped a first assassination attempt, but was shot on December 14, 1918 by José Júlio da Costa (great-grandfather of the present Mayor of Lisbon António Costa), at Rossio railway station, in Lisbon, when he was preparing to board a train to Porto, to hold discussions with the monarchist leaders of the Northern Military Juntas.
Descendants
Married in Amarante in 1895 to Maria dos Prazeres Martins Bessa (Amarante, São Gonçalo, 1868/1869–Porto?/Lisbon, September 14, 1945), daughter of Vitorino Ferreira Bessa (Penafiel, Luzim/Perozelo, 1810–Amarante, São Gonçalo, February 16, 1894), a Landowner, and wife Bernardina Joaquina/Augusta Pinto Martins (Valença, Santa Maria da Praça, Casa do Assento Militar, 1826–March 15, 1905), the couple had five children, four sons and one daughter. Out of wedlock, by one Ema Manso Preto (born in September 12, 1871 and wife in December 22, 1900 of Álvaro Augusto Leite Ribeiro), he also had a daughter. He is the great-grandfather in male line of pianist and composer Bernardo Sassetti.
References
- Fotobiografias do Século XX, Photobiography of Sidónio Pais, Círculo de Leitores.
| Preceded by Bernardino Machado |
President of Portugal 1917–1918 |
Succeeded by João do Canto e Castro |
| Preceded by Afonso Costa |
Prime Minister of Portugal 1917–1918 |
Succeeded by João do Canto e Castro |
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