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Smolensk Voivodeship (Lithuanian: Smolensko vaivadija, Polish: Województwo Smoleńskie) was a unit of administrative division and local government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was established in 1508, but was lost in 1514 to the Grand Duchy of Moscow. The voivodeship was recaptured by the Commonwealth in 1611 (confirmed by Truce of Deulino in 1618) and lost again in 1654 (confirmed by Treaty of Andrusovo in 1667). Even when the territory was under Russian control, Poland and Lithuania claimed it as a titular voivodeship.
The capital of the voivodeship, and the seat of its governor (voivoda, was in Smolensk. It was subdivided into two powiats: Smolensk and Starodub.
Voivodes:
- Filip Kazimierz Obuchowicz (sometime in the 17th century)
- Mikołaj Hlebowicz (d.1632) (1611–1621)
- Aleksander Gosiewski (1625–1639)
- Aleksander Jan Potocki (1712–?)
- Stanisław Potocki (XVIII-1760) (1735–1744)
- Józef Sosnowski (1771–1778)
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