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| Socialist Left Party Sosialistisk Venstreparti |
|
|---|---|
| Leader | Kristin Halvorsen |
| Parliamentary leader | Bård Vegar Solhjell |
| Founded | 1975 |
| Headquarters | Oslo |
| Youth wing | Socialist Youth |
| Ideology | Democratic socialism (Minor ideologic beliefs) |
| Political position | Left-wing |
| International affiliation | None |
| European affiliation | Nordic Green Left Alliance |
| Official colours | Red, Green |
| Parliament: | ![]() |
| Counties: | ![]() |
| Municipalities: | ![]() |
| Website | |
| http://www.sv.no/ | |
| Politics of Norway Political parties Elections |
|
Socialist Left Party (Norwegian: Sosialistisk Venstreparti, Northern Sami: Sosialistalas Gurutbellodat) is a Norwegian left-wing democratic socialist politicial party and the leading party to the left of the Norwegian Labour Party. Since 2005 the party has been a member of the Red-Green Coalition with the Labour and the Centre Party. The party currently have 11 Members of Parliament, a decrease by four from the earlier election. The party was founded in 1975 by a merger of the Socialist People's Party, Democratic Socialists - AIK, long-standing members of the Norwegian Communist Party and independent socialists. Kristin Halvorsen is currently the party leader; she took office in 1997 succeeding Erik Solheim as leader.
Socialist Left is officially committed to left-wing socialist ideals. Socialist Left along with its predecessor party, have struggled with wavering support. The reasoning behind this is that it has to compete with the much larger Norwegian Labour Party, which is the largest party in Norway. The party's main principles are mixed economies, feminism, education and social welfare, which allows for a strong public sector and according to them, economic equality.
Socialist Left has continued its rapid decrease in popular support after becoming a member of the Red-Green Coalition. By 2009, the party's involvement in the coalition was reduced after losing more voters after the 2009 parliamentary election.
Contents |
Ideology
Position
The Socialist Left are a left-wing party like both of its predecessors, the Socialist People's Party and the Democratic socialists - AIK, which favours the welfare state and taxation upon the wealthy. Former leader of the Socialist People's Party, Finn Gustavsen, was very clear that the Norwegian Labour Party were not "socialists", and the only socialist force in parliament were members of the Socialist Electoral League. He was one of the notable members opponents against the European Community (EC), saying the organization showed how "evil and stupid" capitalism really was.[1] According to their official webpage, this is a belief the party still holds.[2] According to a measurement poll done in 2002, One out of four members in the Socialist Left wanted Norway to join the European Union.[3]
During the 2001 parliamentary election the party's election program said the party was a "socialist party" with a vision of a Norway without social injustice.[4] Since its inception, the party has continued promoting itself as socialists.[5] In later years, the party has been portrayed as "social democrats" by the Norwegian left and right-wing media,[6][7][8][9][10] and as democratic socialists.[11] The party has also been listed as an eco-socialist party by media abroad.[12]
The present Deputy Leader of the Socialist Left, Audun Lysbakken, is a self-proclaimed revolutionary, socialist and marxist. He wants to abolish the current capitalist system in Norway, and therefore believes that removing capitalism would lead to less poverty in Norway and the world. When asked how this would work, Lysbakken replied "Is there one thing that history has taught us left-wingers, is sitting with complete social models and maps to help the few with power to build a new society, is terribly dangerous. And not very realistic either".[13] While still a self-proclaimed marxist and revolutionary, he stood firm and said that the Socialist Left was a democratic socialist party.[14]
Environment
Feminism
In later years, the party has promoted itself as a "feminist" party.[15] In one of the Socialist Left's brochures published in 2005, it said "The Socialist Left is a feminist party. We are fighting for a society where women and men have equal opportunities. This means that women should earn as much as men, that there must be more women in the top positions, and that there are welfare schemes that provide equality in the workplace".[16] During the 2005 parliamentary election, one of the four main issues raised by party's youth wing, Socialist Youth, was fighting against sexual harassment.[17] During an opinion survey done by Klassekampen which asked 150 of the 169 representatives in parliament if they considered themselves feminist. In a clear percentage average, the Socialist Left along with the Liberal Party became the two "most" feminist parties in parliament, with the Progress Party becoming the "least" feminist.[18]
Currently, the Deputy Leader of the Socialist Left, Audun Lysbakken, is the leader of the Norwegian Ministry of Children and Equality.[19] Arild Stokkan-Grande has claimed equality amongst men and women have been an issue with the Socialist Left during its years in government, being that all the departments they control there are alot more women then men.[20]
Immigration
In 1992, Carl I. Hagen of the Progress Party, accused the party of free immigration to Norway, after a proposal made by Lisbeth Holand. Holand wanted to give immigrants from non-European countries the same immigration policies as immigrants who have their origins from countries who are members of the European Economic Area. While Hagen was highly critical, she felt that it would offer housing and job for non-Europeans who needed it.[21] In an opinion poll, it showed that 82.9% of the Socialist Left members were open to more immigration, making the party the most immigrant friendly party in parliament, but outside parliament, the Red Electoral Alliance is the party most open to more immigration.[22]
The party is open to more immigration, believing Norway will evolve into a more multicultural society. The party openly believes the only way to create social equality is to create ethnic equality in Norway.[23] By 2009, the Red-Green Coalition headed by the Norwegian Labour Party's leader, Jens Stoltenberg, said his government would tighten the then-present immigration policy, which would make it harder for immigrants to be granted asylum in Norway. The Socialist Left, along with the Liberal Party and the Christian Democrats, felt the new policy was too strict.[24]
International affairs
The military action in Kosovo was a controversial issue within the party. Arguing that ethnic cleansing in Kosovo had to be stopped, much of the party leadership, including Kristin Halvorsen, favored NATO's air strikes, but many within the party vehemently opposed such support arguing that violence would only lead to more violence.[25] In most foreign policy issues the party has opposed military action. They were against the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan and were very much against the Iraq war and the Norwegian military presence in Iraq.[26]
Public sector
History
Formation
After losing all its parliamentary seats in the 1969 parliamentary election, Socialist People's Party sought to create an election coalition between various left-wing parties.[27] While previously being sceptical of working with the Communist Party of Norway, the party eventually became a member of the coalition along with the Democratic Socialists - AIK and various non-party aligned independent socialists.[28] Reidar Larsen, the then leader of the Communist Party said the members who met up at the party's national convention unanimously elected "yes" to be a member of the coalition, which would later go by the name of the Socialist Electoral League.[29]
It took 16 days to negotiate a settlement between the groups. The members agreed that this coalition would be the only way of getting a "socialist government" in Norway.[29] By 1973, the Norwegian Labour Party had suffered a decrease in popular support, which at that time was estimated around 100 thousand. Many speculations arose that these voters had left the Labour Party for the newly created Socialist Electoral League.[30] Early predictions by the Labour Party believed that the Electoral League would dissolve itself because of internal strife. Reiulf Steen later stated that he had more "respect" for the Maoist party, the Red Electoral Alliance then the Electoral League.[31] The coalition managed to gain 11.2% of the popular vote and 16 seats in parliament.[32]
The party now known as the Socialist Left was founded in 1975. The Communist Party did not want to dissolve itself to become a member of the Socialist Left Party and therefore voted no to becoming a member. This led to an internal struggle within the party, with the party's official newspaper, Friheten, strongly suggesting the party can't dissolve itself because it would mean the death of the revolutionary movement. While another communist newspaper, Orientering, attacking what they called the "hard-core" leaders of the communist party.[33] The other groups and faction voted to dissolve the coalition and create the party to make the movement more organized.[34]
Early years
The first years were not successful, as SV fought hard to gain seats in Parliament at all, but during the 1980s, SV's popularity rose. During this decade, SV fought for peace, disarmament, and the removal of unemployment and economic inequality. In the beginning of the 1990s, SV's popularity again declined, even though SV won a major victory in 1994, when the party again fought actively against Norwegian membership in the European Union, and Norwegians again voted against membership in a referendum. Following the election of Kristin Halvorsen as the new Party Leader, however, SV's popularity rose again. SV's main focus became education, and the slogan "Children And Youth First" was coined.
Red-Green Coalition
Today, SV fights for sexual equality, economic equality, social welfare, environmentalism, more power to the local councils, and free, public education, equal for all (including a free kindergarten/nursery school offer for all). The party is also opposed to joining the European Union. SV fared poorly in the 2005 parliamentary elections, but thanks to stronger performances by the Labour Party and the Centre Party, the Red-Green Coalition won a majority of seats in parliament, and SV entered the cabinet for the first time ever with five minister posts. Kristin Halvorsen got the influential role of minister of finance.
In the 2009 parliamentary election, the party lost four seats and were left with 11, but a three-seat gain by the Labor Party secured the Red-Green coalition an 86-83 majority. The shift of power within the coalition resulted in SV losing one cabinet minister, leaving them with four, the same as the Center Party. SV and Kristin Halvorsen conceded the influential Department of Finance to the Labour party in order to keep control of the Department for Education and Research.[35]
The Socialist Left Party is a member of the Nordic Green Left Alliance.
Election results
Parliamentary election
| Year | Vote % | MPs |
|---|---|---|
| 1973 | 11,2%[36] | 16[37] |
| 1977 | 4,2%[36] | 2[38] |
| 1981 | 4,9%[39] | 4[40] |
| 1985 | 5,5%[39] | 6[41] |
| 1989 | 10,1%[39] | 17[42] |
| 1993 | 7,9%[39] | 13[43] |
| 1997 | 6,0%[39] | 9[44] |
| 2001 | 12,5%[39] | 23[45] |
| 2005 | 8,8%[39] | 15[46] |
| 2009 | 6,2%[39] | 11[47] |
In the Norwegian parliamentary elections, the Socialist Left Party has been able to hold the position as the fourth largest party in Norway, behind the right wing Progress Party, Conservative Party and the centre-left-wing Norwegian Labour Party.[39] Their popularity initially declined from levels achieved by the Socialist Electoral League,[36] however their seat count rose to its peak after the 2001 parliamentary election, this election marked the party's largest voters count, earning 12.5% of the national vote.[39]
When the Socialist Electoral League was founded in the early 1970s, the party managed to win voters from the Labour Party, which ruled as a majority government. Early speculations said that the Labour Party had lost 100 thousand votes to the Electoral League.[30] Anyhow, the party managed to gain 16 seats in Parliament.[37] After making the coalition into a political party, its voter base decreased to 4.2% of the national vote in the 1977 parliamentary election,[39] and earned only two seats in parliament.[38] After the election, the party was able to win new voters, and in the 1989 parliamentary election it gathered 10.1% of the national vote.[39] After the election, the party lost voters again, and after the 1997 election, the party mustered only a meager 9 representatives in parliament.[44]
After having what many described as a bad election in 2001, the Norwegian Labour Party lost many of its voters to the Socialist Left,[48][49][50][51] with the Socialist Left increasing from a meager 6% to a 12.5% of the national vote, again becoming the fourth largest party in the country.[39] However, this growth didn't last long, in the 2005 election the party gathered 8.8% of the vote, this further decreased in the 2009 election when the party gathered 6.2% of the vote.[39]
Local elections
| Year | Vote % | Type |
|---|---|---|
| 1975 | 5,5%[52] 5,7%[52] |
Municipal County[53] |
| 1979 | 4,1%[52] 4,4%[52] |
Municipal County |
| 1983 | 5,1%[52] 5,3%[52] |
Municipal[54] County[55] |
| 1987 | 5,5%[52] 5,7%[52] |
Municipal[56] County |
| 1991 | 11,6%[52] 12.2%[52] |
Municipal[57] County |
| 1995 | 5,9%[58] 6,1%[59] |
Municipal[58] County[59] |
| 1999 | 7,8%[58] 8.5%[59] |
Municipal[58] County[59] |
| 2003 | 12.4%[60] 13%[61] |
Municipal[60] County[61] |
| 2007 | 6,2%[60] 6.5%[61] |
Municipal[60] County[61] |
The 1975 county and municipality election was met with a sharp decrease in voters, with the party earning a disappointing voting turnout of 5.5% in the municipal election and 5.7% in the county election.[52] In an opinion poll done before election day in 1975, it was estimated that half of the voters who voted for the Socialist Electoral League would not vote for the party again. The main reason being that the Norwegian Labour Party was able to win many voters back which it lost during the 1973 parliamentary election.[62] The party further decreased in popular support by the 1979 local election, earning 4.1% in the municipal and 4.4% in the county respectively.[52]
However, by the 1983 local election the party increased by 1% in the municipal and 0.9% in the county election.[52] By an opinion poll done in early September, it showed that the Labour Party would lose four of its Oslo representatives in parliament to the Progress Party, Conservative Party and the Socialist Left.[63] If the 1983 local election had been a parliamentary election, Socialist Left would get 8 seats in parliament.[64] The party earned 5.5% and 5.7% in the county and municipal election in 1987 respectively.[52] The party's strongest municipal was Nordland, where the party managed to gain 21.9% of the popular vote.[65]
The 1991 election marked a large increase in voters for the party, earning 11.6 in the municipalities and 12.2% in the counties, making the party the third largest party in Norway.[52] Socialist Left along with the Centre Party were named the elections "big winners" by the Norwegian press.[66] In the following election the party managed to gather 5,9% in the municipalities and 6.1% in counties.[52] Before the election in 1991 various opinion poll showed an increase in popular support for the Socialist Left in Oslo.[67] The reason for an increase in support was that the party was again able to win votes from the Labour Party.[68] The party managed to gain 7.8% of the votes in the municipalities and 8.5% in the counties.[52]
By 2003, the party's voter based had increased dramatically since 1999 local elections.[39] The party had what many described as a "record election", winning most of its voters from the Labour Party.[69] The 2007 elections went badly for the party, and saw their voter base reduced by half from the local elections in 2003.[70]
Party leaders
- 1975-1976 : Berit Ås
- 1977-1983 : Berge Furre
- 1983-1987 : Theo Koritzinsky
- 1987-1997 : Erik Solheim
- 1997-present : Kristin Halvorsen
References
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