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The term Spaceguard loosely refers to a number of efforts to discover and study near-Earth objects (NEO). Arthur C. Clarke coined the term in his novel Rendezvous with Rama where SPACEGUARD was the name of an early warning system created following a catastrophic asteroid impact. This name was later adopted by a number of real life efforts to discover and study near-Earth objects.
A 1992 US Congressional study produced a "Spaceguard Survey Report" which led to a mandate that NASA locate 90% of large near-Earth asteroids within 10 years. This is often referred to as the "Spaceguard Goal." A number of efforts which receive money through NASA are all considered to be working on the "Spaceguard Project."
The Working Group on Near-Earth Objects (WGNEO) of the International Astronomical Union presented a paper in 1995 entitled Beginning the Spaceguard Survey which led to an international organization called the Spaceguard Foundation.
Subsequently there have been Spaceguard associations or foundations formed in countries around the world to support the ideas of discovering and studying near-Earth objects. Generally, the Spaceguard organizations formed within individual countries are associated with the international foundation or with the NASA efforts only by name, common interests, and similar goals.
Asteroids are discovered by telescopes which repeatedly survey large areas of sky. Efforts which concentrate on discovering NEOs are considered part of the "Spaceguard Survey," regardless of which organization they are affiliated with.
Neither the Eastern Mediterranean Event (June 2002) nor the Vitim event (Sept 2002) were detected in advance by any Spaceguard effort, however on October 6, 2008, the 2008 TC3 meteoroid was detected by the Catalina Sky Survey (CSS) 1.5 meter telescope at Mount Lemmon, and extensively monitored until it hit the Earth the next day.
See also
- Asteroid deflection strategies
- Catalina Sky Survey
- Eastern Mediterranean Event
- Near Earth Asteroid Tracking
- Orbit@home monitoring the impact hazard posed by Near Earth Objects
- Pan-STARRS
- Vitim event
References
External links
- Spaceguard Central Node
- UK Spaceguard Centre
- "Bigger Telescopes Seek Killer Asteroids" article by Michael Paine 2000 [1]
- "Asteroid False Alarm Shows Limits of Alert Systems" article by Stefan Lovgren 2004 [2]
- "Planetary Defense Systems" article by Kip Ingram [3]
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