| St. Andrews | |
|---|---|
| — Town — | |
 |
|
| Nickname(s): St. Andrews-by-the-sea | |
  St. Andrews
|
|
| Coordinates: 45°04′26″N 67°03′08″W / 45.07399°N 67.05209°W | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | New Brunswick |
| County | Charlotte County |
| Founded | 1783 |
| Incorporated Town | 1903 |
| Government | |
| - Mayor | John Craig |
| - Deputy Mayor | Edie Bishop |
| - Councillors | David Welch, John Castell, Kevin Kiley, Michael Craig, Mary Myers |
| - CAO | Tim Henderson |
| Area | |
| - Total | 8.35 km2 (3.2 sq mi) |
| Population (2006) From Statistics Canada |
|
| - Total | 1,798 |
| - Density | 215.3/km2 (557.6/sq mi) |
| Time zone | Atlantic (AST) (UTC-4) |
| - Summer (DST) | ADT (UTC-3) |
| Canadian Postal code | E5B |
| Area code(s) | 506 |
| Telephone Exchange | 529 |
| NTS Map | 021G03 |
| GNBC Code | DAEBC |
| Website | http://www.townofstandrews.ca/ |
- This article is about the town. For the parish, consult St. Andrews Parish, New Brunswick.
St. Andrews (2001 pop.: 1,869) is a Canadian town in Charlotte County, New Brunswick.
It is sometimes referred to in tourism marketing by its unofficial nickname "St. Andrews-by-the-sea".
Geography
St. Andrews is located at the southern tip of a triangular-shaped peninsula (15 km on the west side, 12 km on the east side) extending into Passamaquoddy Bay at the western edge of Charlotte County. It is the shire town of the county.
The town's street grid is oriented toward the waterfront, which faces St. Andrews Harbour and the Western Channel, which is formed by Navy Island. St. Andrews Harbour is situated at the mouth of the St. Croix River and the town sits on the river's east bank at its discharge point into the bay.
The town is directly opposite the community of Robbinston, Maine, 2 kilometres to the west across the river mouth.
In addition to Navy Island, Minister's Island is another island in Passamaquoddy Bay that is adjacent to the town on its eastern boundary.
Despite its proximity to the International Boundary with the United States, the nearest border crossings are 30 km away at St. Stephen or via a ferry service at Deer Island.
History
St. Andrews was founded in 1783 by United Empire Loyalists and named in honour of St Andrews, Scotland. The town is well preserved, with many original buildings still in place (some of which were floated to the town on barges from Castine, Maine at the end of the Revolutionary War). There are many layers of history visible starting from the late 1700s, including the town's well-known formal grid street layout and many historic buildings. Many of the commercial buildings on Water Street date from the 1800s. Between 1820 and 1860, the port of St. Andrews was used extensively during the Irish Migration. The Irish were first quarantined at Hospital Island, situated a few kilometers in Passamaquoddy Bay. By the 1851 Census, over 50% of the town were born in Ireland. [1] The Algonquin, a resort situated on a hill overlooking the town, was built in 1889, making St. Andrews Canada's first seaside resort community. The hotel burned down in 1914 and was rebuilt one year later.
Attractions
Important attractions include The Fairmont Algonquin Hotel, Kingsbrae Horticultural Garden, The Ross Memorial Museum, the St. Andrews Biological Station, the Huntsman Marine Aquarium, The Sheriff Andrews' House, Minister's Island (the summer home of Cornelius Van Horne), whale watching, fine art and craft galleries, many shops, restaurants and small inns and the charming seaside setting.
St. Andrews is the birthplace of Thomas Storrow Brown, a businessman, journalist, and an officer of the 1837 Rebellion and Victorian artist Edward Mitchell Bannister. The town was, and continues to be a home to noted summer citizens, including steel magnate Sir James Dunn, Fathers of Confederation Samuel Leonard Tilley and Charles Tupper, and William Cornelius Van Horne, General Manager and later, President of the Canadian Pacific Railway.
Minister's Island
Minister's Island is named after a loyalist Anglican priest, Rev. Samuel Andrews, who settled the island in 1786. But it is most famous as the summer home of Sir William Van Horne, builder of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The island is about a five-minute drive from downtown St. Andrews. At low tide you can walk, bike or drive across Bar Road (along the ocean floor) to the island, and during high tide a boat will ferry you the short distance to the gate where guides will take you to key locations by golf cart or van. There are guided tours available May through October, which allow you to see the stone house where Rev. Andrews and his family lived, and also Covenhoven (the summer cottage of Sir William Cornelius Van Horne), one of the largest livestock barns in North America, and the old windmill that used to power the island. Hikers, photographers, birdwatchers and others are free to explore the many trails on the Island.
Huntsman Aquarium and Science Center
The aquarium has various exhibits, including a touch pool with sea urchins, seastars, and sea anemones. There is also a pair of harbour seals, Loki and Snorkel.
The Huntsman Marine Science Center is also a part of the aquarium and hosts a number of educational courses, from grade school up to university level courses.
Charlotte County Courthouse and Gaol
St. Andrews is the shire town of Charlotte County and hosts the Charlotte County Courthouse, built in 1840 and designed by architect Thomas Berry. The court house is a National Historic Site and one of the longest operating courthouses in Canada, as it continues to be used for the Court of Queen's Bench of New Brunswick. It is a beautiful example of Gothic Revival architecture and is available for touring through the Charlotte County Gaol (pronounced "jail"), situated next to the courthouse. The Gaol was built of large blocks of local granite in 1832 and continued to be used as such until 1979, despite its archaic construction. It currently is home to the Charlotte County Archives, which boasts a large collection of historical papers, photographs, microfilms of newspapers and selected collections, and research materials for local historians and genealogists alike. The Gaol is purportedly haunted by the ghost of an innocent man hanged for murder in 1879, and was the site of one of Canada's last hangings in 1942.
Ross Memorial Museum
The Ross Memorial Museum displays a large collection of furnishings collected by the Ross family, and donated, along with the building itself and the Ross Memorial Library next door. A large part of the Ross� collection is displayed, along with information on what the various rooms would have been used for, specific to the time to which the furniture dates.
Sheriff Andrews House
The Sheriff Andrews House was built by Elisha Shelton Andrews, sheriff for Charlotte County, in 1820. It is now a public museum, with rooms displaying furniture from the 1820s, and costumed guides giving tours and telling stories about family life at the time. There is also an example of open-hearth cooking and, if booked in advance, families can spend a few hours preparing a lunch in the style of the 1820s, churning their own butter and cooking over an open hearth with the help of the guides.
Atlantic Salmon Interpretive Centre
The Atlantic Salmon Interpretive Centre, at the international headquarters of the Atlantic Salmon Federation, has an underwater viewing room to see large Atlantic salmon, and displays on the biology, research, issues affecting the species, angling heritage and art of the Atlantic salmon. There is a Hall of Fame highlighting individuals that have been at the forefront of wild Atlantic salmon conservation.
St. Andrews Blockhouse
The blockhouse was built as a coastal defense structure in the War of 1812 between the United States and the British Empire, but never saw action. Twelve similar structures were built, and only the St. Andrews blockhouse still stands. It was repaired in the 1990s following a fire. Guided tours are conducted during tourist season.
Kingsbrae Garden
Kingsbrae Garden has over 50,000 different plants on display. There are edible gardens, a cedar maze, an ornamental grass garden, rose garden, gravel garden, a virgin Acadian forest trail, streams, a genuine Dutch windmill (1/3 scale), and even a garden called the "Scents and Sensitivity Garden"; built with advice from the Canadian National Institute for the Blind, and designed for the visually impaired, with all plants chosen because they have an interesting smell or texture, and all with names for the plants labelled in English, Latin, and Braille. There are alpacas, pygmy goats, peacocks, ducks, sculptures and a Children's Fantasy Garden where there are free children's activities every day in July and August. Kingsbrae Horticultural Garden is located just a few blocks up the hill from the St Andrews Water Street business district and wharf; also just steps from the historic Fairmont Algonquin hotel. In April 2006 Kingsbrae announced it would be the first public garden in Canada to display the rare Australian Wollemi Pine, discovered in 1994 though thought to have been extinct for two million years (CanWest News Service). http://www.kingsbraegarden.com/ very nice!
Sunbury Shores Arts & Nature Centre
Sunbury Shores Arts and Nature Centre is a not-for-profit, membership-based organization situated on the shores of Passamaquoddy Bay in St. Andrews. Since being established in 1964, the Centre has played a role in the development of a strong arts community in St. Andrews through the execution of a unique mandate - to explore the connections between art and nature. The Centre contains artists studios, printmaking shop, pottery studio, exhibition gallery, reference library and administrative offices and is open year round. The Arts & Nature Centre also owns and maintains Two Meadows Nature Trail, a self guided hiking trail in a nearby wilderness area.
Farmers' Market
On every Thursday morning during the summer months, there is a local Farmers' Market in the town square. Indian food, Middle Eastern food, Mexican food, fresh organic produce and meat, plants, herbal soap, teddy bears, crepes filled with all kinds of fruit and melted chocolate, and homemade chocolate fudge are amongst the items for sale. There is usually music, played on guitar by one of the local highschoolers, or fiddle music (there are several different violinists who come on different days), or hammered dulcimer played by Ruth Dunfield, who also plays guitar and lives in St. Andrews.
Fine art & craft galleries
St Andrews features the studios and galleries of many fine artists and craftspeople. Visitors will find original works in landscape and floral painting, sculptor, carving, textile art, fine pottery, wearable art, photography, jewelry and much more.
Murals
St Andrews features many outdoor murals which can be viewed year round. The St. Andrews Water Tower Mural measures 30' x 150' and includes images of Market Wharf and Kingsbrae Garden. The Drug Store Mural measures 960 square feet (89 m2) and is located on the side of Cockburn's Drugstore. It features images of Water Street and Kingsbrae Garden. The Hardware Store Mural is located on the side of St. Andrews Hardware. It is a 1,200-square-foot (110 m2) mural featuring an image of St. Andrews as it appeared in 1907.
Whale watching
The port of St. Andrews is home to several Whale watching companies that operate on a seasonal basis which begins during the first of May through the first of October. The offices of most of these companies are located at the head of the wharf. Since whales are uncommon in Passamaquoddy Bay, tours tend to stretch past the Fundy Islands and into the Bay of Fundy. Common sightings by St. Andrews tour companies tend to be the Northern Humpback Whale, Fin Whale and Minke Whale, along with sightings of other marine life such as the common seal.
Media
A local community channel, CHCT, serves the St. Andrews and Charlotte County area. The station launched in 1993 on cable television, and began broadcasting over the air in 2006.
References
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: St. Andrews, New Brunswick |
- Visit St. Andrews By-the-Sea, Official St. Andrews Tourism Website
- Town of St. Andrews Website
- Minister's Island, The Official Site
- Minister's Island: Sir William Van Horne's Summer Home in St. Andrews
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre
- The Ross Memorial Museum
- The Sheriff Andrews House
- The St. Andrews Blockhouse
- Kingsbrae Garden
- Moving To Tropical Canada An article about the experience of St. Andrews by Mary Colburn-Green
Further reading
- The Diverting History of a Loyalist Town: A Portrait of St. Andrews by Grace Helen Mowat, 1923.
- "No Hay Fever and a Railroad" by Willa Walker, 1989.
- Joshua M. Smith, Borderland Smuggling: Patriots, Loyalists and Illicit Trade in the Northeast, 1783-1820 Gainesville, University Press of Florida, 2006.
- David Sullivan, The Algonquin: On Passamaquoddy Bay, Pendlebury Press, 2005.'
- David Sullivan, Minister's Island: Sir William Van Horne's Summer Home in St. Andrews, Pendlebury Press, 2007.'
|
|||||||||||
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
