Dictionary:
Sta·bat Ma·ter (stä'bät mä'tər, stăb'ăt mā'tər)  |
[From Medieval Latin Stābat Māter (dolōrōsa), the Mother was standing (full of sorrow), the first words of the hymn : Latin stābat, third person sing. imperfect tense of stāre, to stand + Medieval Latin Māter, Mother (of God).]
| Music Encyclopedia: Stabat mater |
A 13th-century poem of uncertain authorship taken into the Roman liturgy as a sequence in the late 15th century, removed by the Council of Trent (1543-63) but revived in 1727 for use on the Feast of the Seven Dolours (15 September). It is also used as an Office hymn on the Friday after Passion Sunday. There are polyphonic settings by Palestrina, Lassus and D. Scarlatti. In the 18th century it was often set for soloists, with or without chorus, and orchestra; composers include Pergolesi and Haydn. Among later settings those of Rossini, Dvořák, Verdi and Poulenc are well known.
| Dictionary of Dance: Stabat Mater |
Many composers have composed settings of this devotional text including Pergolesi, Vivaldi, and Rossini. Dance versions include R. Cohan's (mus. Vivaldi, 1975) and Mark Morris (mus. Pergolesi, 1986).
| Columbia Encyclopedia: Stabat Mater Dolorosa |
| Wikipedia: Stabat Mater |
Stabat Mater is a thirteenth century Roman Catholic sequence variously attributed to Innocent III[1] and Jacopone da Todi.[2] Its title is an abbreviation of the first line, Stabat mater dolorosa ("The sorrowful mother stood"). The hymn, one of the most powerful and immediate of extant medieval poems, meditates on the suffering of Mary, Jesus Christ's mother, during his crucifixion. It is sung at the liturgy on the memorial of Our Lady of Sorrows.
It has been set to music by many composers, with the most famous settings being those by Palestrina, Pergolesi, Joseph Haydn and Gioacchino Rossini.
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The following translation is not word-for-word. Instead it has been adapted so as to represent the meter (trochaic tetrameter), rhyme scheme, and sense of the original text. A literal translation (word-for-word, without concern for adaptation into the target language) can be found here.
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Stabat mater dolorosa
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At the Cross her station keeping,
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There also exists a Christmas counterpart to the Stabat Mater, entitled Stabat Mater Speciosa ("The beautiful mother stood").[1]
Composers who have written settings of the Stabat Mater include Josquin des Prés, Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina and Giovanni Battista Pergolesi; of the latter's setting, the German poet Tieck opined: "I had to turn away to hide my tears, especially at the place, 'Vidit suum dulcem natum'".[3] Joseph Haydn's Stabat Mater is considered "a treasury of refined and graceful melody".[4] Others who have written settings are Steffani, Clari, Emanuele d'Astorga, Winter, Raimondi, Vito, Lanza, Neukomm. In the 19th century, Gioacchino Rossini wrote his setting after retiring from the opera. Stabat, while Antonín Dvořák's setting was written when he was still active in writing secular music. Most of the settings are in Latin, but Karol Szymanowski's setting is in Polish.
Others: John Browne, Marc-Antoine Charpentier, Antonio Vivaldi, Charles Villiers Stanford, Charles Gounod, Krzysztof Penderecki, Francis Poulenc, Alessandro Scarlatti (1724), Domenico Scarlatti (1715), Pedro de Escobar, František Tůma, Arvo Pärt, Josef Rheinberger, Franz Schubert, Giuseppe Verdi, Zoltán Kodály, Trond Kverno (1991), Pawel Lukaszewski (1994), Frank Ferko (1999), Salvador Brotons (2000), Hristo Tsanoff, Bruno Coulais (2005), the black metal band Anorexia Nervosa, Karl Jenkins, and most recently the Finnish (one man) Funeral Doom band Stabat Mater (2009).
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Copyrights:
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 | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Music Encyclopedia. The Concise Grove Dictionary of Music. Copyright © 1994 by Oxford University Press, Inc.. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Dictionary of Dance. The Oxford Dictionary of Dance. Copyright © 2000, 2004 by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Columbia Encyclopedia. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition Copyright © 2003, Columbia University Press. Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. www.cc.columbia.edu/cu/cup/. Read more |
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| Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Stabat Mater". Read more |
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