A stack is a geological landform consisting of a
steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast. Stacks are formed when part of a headland is eroded, leaving a small island. They also form when a natural arch collapses due to
sub-aerial processes and gravity. A stack may
collapse or be eroded leaving a stump. Stacks form most commonly on chalk cliffs, because of the medium resistance to erosion. Cliffs with weaker
rock such as clay tend to slump and erode too quickly to form
stacks, while harder rocks such as
Stacks are often important sites for nesting seabirds.
Some stacks are famous for rock climbing.
Examples
- Flowerpot Island, Lake Huron, Canada.
- Haystack Rock, Cannon Beach, Oregon, USA
- Goat Rock, California, USA
- Old Harry Rocks, Dorset, England.
- The Needles, Isle of Wight, England.
- Am Buachaille, Sutherland, Scotland.
- Old Man of Hoy, Sutherland, Scotland.
- The Twelve Apostles, Victoria on the Great Ocean Road, Victoria, Australia
- Percé Rock, Percé Quebec, Canada
- Hopewell Rocks, Hopewell Cape New Brunswick, Canada
- Po Pin Chau, High Island, Hong Kong
- Étretat, Seine-Maritime, France
- "Lange Anna" on Heligoland
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