Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Email
Answers.com

stannic chloride

 
Dictionary: stannic chloride
Home > Library > Literature & Language > Dictionary

n.
A colorless caustic liquid, SnCl4, made from tin treated with chlorine and used as a conductive coating and in ceramics.


Search unanswered questions...

Enter a question here...
Search: All sources Community Q&A Reference topics

WordNet: stannic chloride
Top
Home > Library > Literature & Language > WordNet
Note: click on a word meaning below to see its connections and related words.

The noun has one meaning:

Meaning #1: a colorless caustic liquid made by treating tin with chlorine

Wikipedia: Tin(IV) chloride
Top
Home > Library > Miscellaneous > Wikipedia
Tin(IV) chloride
Tin(IV) chloride pentahydrate
Tin(IV) chloride
IUPAC name
Other names Stannic chloride
Identifiers
CAS number 7646-78-8 Yes check.svgY
EC number 231-588-9
UN number 1827
RTECS number XP8750000
Properties
Molecular formula SnCl4
Molar mass 260.50 g/mol (anhydrous)
350.60 g/mol (pentahydrate)
Appearance fuming liquid
Density 2.226 g/ml (anhydrous)
2.04 g/cm3 (pentahydrate)
Melting point

-33 °C
Boiling point

114.15 °C
Solubility in water decomposes (anhydrous)
very soluble (pentahydrate)
Solubility soluble in alcohol, benzene, toluene, chloroform, acetone, kerosene
Hazards
MSDS ICSC 0953
EU Index 050-001-00-5
EU classification Corrosive (C)
R-phrases R34, R52/53
S-phrases (S1/2), S7/8, S26, S45, S61
Related compounds
Other anions Tin(IV) fluoride
Tin(IV) bromide
Tin(IV) iodide
Other cations Germanium tetrachloride
Tin(II) chloride
Lead(IV) chloride
 Yes check.svgY (what is this?)  (verify)
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Tin(IV) chloride, also known as tin tetrachloride or stannic chloride is a chemical compound with the formula SnCl4. At room temperature it is a colourless liquid, which fumes on contact with air, giving a stinging odour. It was first discovered by A Libavius (1550-1616) and was known as "spiritus fumans libavii" .[1]

Contents

Preparation

It is prepared from reaction of chlorine gas with elemental tin.

Reactions

When mixed with a small amount of water a semi-solid crystalline mass of the pentahydrate, SnCl4.5H2O is formed.[1] This was formerly known as butter of tin[1]. This compound has been shown to be best described as [SnCl4(H2O)2].3H2O, consisting of cis-[SnCl4(H2O)2] units linked in chains with three hydrate water molecules.[2]

With hydrochloric acid the complex [SnCl6]2− is formed making the so-called hexachlorostannic acid.[1]

Anhydrous tin(IV) chloride is a strong Lewis acid and complexes with e.g. ammonia, phosphine and phosphorus pentachloride are known.[1] SnCl4 is used in Friedel-Crafts reactions as a catalyst for homogeneous alkylation and cyclisation.[1]

With Grignard reagents tetraalkyltin compounds can be prepared:[3]

SnCl4 + RMgCl → SnR4

Uses

Stannic chloride was used as a chemical weapon in World War I. It is also used in the glass container industry for making an external coating containing tin(IV) oxide which toughens the glass. It is a starting material for organotin compounds.

Stannic chloride is used in chemical reactions with fuming (90%) nitric acid for the selective nitration of activated aromatic rings in the presence of unactivated ones.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Egon Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman (2001) Inorganic Chemistry, Elsevier ISBN 0123526515
  2. ^ Barnes, John C. (1980). "Structures of di-μ-hydroxobis[aquatrichlorotin(IV)]-1,4-dioxane(1/3), di-μ-hydroxobis[aquatrichlorotin(IV)]-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane(1/4), di-m-hydroxobis[aquatribromotin(IV)]-1,8-epoxy-p-menthane(1/4), di-μ-hydroxobis[aquatrichlorotin(IV)], and cis-diaquatetrachlorotin(IV)". J. Chem. Soc., Dalton Trans.: 949. doi:10.1039/DT9800000949. 
  3. ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, A. (1997), Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.), Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, ISBN 0-7506-3365-4 
  4. ^ Thurston, David E. (1990). "O-Debenzylation of a Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine in the Presence of a Carbinolamine Functionality: Synthesis of DC-81". Synthesis 1990: 81–84. doi:10.1055/s-1990-26795. 

External links


This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)

 
 

 

Copyrights:

Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.  Read more
WordNet. WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.  Read more
Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Tin(IV) chloride".  Read more