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Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre butterfly

 
Wikipedia: Swimming at the 2008 Summer Olympics – Men's 100 metre butterfly
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Men's 100 metre butterfly
at the Games of the XXIX Olympiad
Phelpspodium.jpg
Michael Phelps during the medal ceremony
Venue Beijing National Aquatics Center
Dates August 14 (heats)
August 15 (semifinals)
August 16 (final)
Competitors 66 from 51 nations
Winning time 50.58 (OR)
Medalists
Gold medal  Michael Phelps   United States
Silver medal  Milorad Čavić   Serbia
Bronze medal  Andrew Lauterstein   Australia
«2004  

The men's 100 metre butterfly event, included in the swimming competition at the 2008 Summer Olympics, took place on August 14–16, at the Beijing National Aquatics Center. In this event, swimmers covered two lengths of the 50-metre (160 ft) Olympic-sized pool employing the butterfly stroke.

American Michael Phelps won the event after coming from behind Serbian-American Milorad Čavić, to beat him by one one-hundredth of a second. Australian Andrew Lauterstein won the bronze medal, finishing one one-hundredth of a second ahead of American world record holder Ian Crocker. Phelps' victory occurred after Čavić had made remarks that it would be better for the sport of swimming if Phelps was defeated.[1] Phelps' margin of victory was so close that the Serbian team filed a protest, but, after officials reviewed the video, the International Swimming Federation (FINA) announced that Phelps did touch the wall first and his victory would be upheld.[1]

The gold medal received by Phelps was his seventh of the Games, tying Mark Spitz's record for most gold medals won at a single Olympic Games.[2] Other records were broken too, including the Olympic record, five continental records, and several national records.[3]

Contents

Qualification

Swimming events at the
2008 Summer Olympics
Sample picture of the event (unofficial)
Freestyle
50 m   men   women
100 m men women
200 m men women
400 m men women
800 m women
1500 m men
Backstroke
100 m men women
200 m men women
Breaststroke
100 m men women
200 m men women
Butterfly
100 m men women
200 m men women
Individual medley
200 m men women
400 m men women
Freestyle relay
4×100 m men women
4×200 m men women
Medley relay
4×100 m men women
Marathon
10 km men women

There were several different ways to qualify for the men's 100 metre butterfly. If a National Olympic Committee (NOC) had two swimmers with a time better than the A standard (52.86 seconds), obtained at a national Olympic trial, continental championship, or international competition, held between March 17, 2007 and July 15, 2008, then both were allowed to compete.[4] NOCs that were able to send two swimmers to this event were:[5]

If NOCs had no swimmers meeting the A standard, they could enter one swimmer who had beaten the B standard (54.70 seconds).[4] If no swimmers had met the B standard, the NOCs could still enter one swimmer into the competition, provided that the swimmer had competed at the 2007 World Aquatics Championships and was approved by FINA; NOCs could use this method only if they had no male swimmers and fewer than two female swimmers in any other event.[4]

Preview

The Beijing National Aquatics Center

Due to a combination of the venue, Beijing National Aquatics Center (better known as the Water Cube), which was claimed to be built to increase the speed of the swimmers[6], and the recently introduced LZR Racer swim suits, which had been proven to give the swimmer a lower time by 1.9 to 2.2%[7], some analysts were predicting that many fast times and world records would be set in all the swimming events.[8]

As with almost every event that he entered in at the 2008 Summer Olympics, Michael Phelps was the favorite to win the men's 100 metre butterfly. Since winning the gold medal at the previous Games, in Athens, Phelps had demonstrated his superiority in this event, by also becoming world champion at the Melbourne 2007 World Championships, and achieving victory at the United States Olympic Trials.[9] Therefore, the 100 metre butterfly was one of the eight Olympic events where Phelps was attempting to win a gold medal.[10]

Michael Phelps, seen here in February 2008, was the heavy favorite to win the gold medal.

Going into the event, Phelps' compatriot Ian Crocker was seen as the swimmer with the best chance of beating Phelps. Crocker beat Phelps' 100 metre butterfly world record in 2003, and had since lowered it twice: once at the 2004 United States Olympic trials, and then at the 2005 World Championships in Montreal.[11] Before the Olympics, Crocker and Phelps held the seventeen fastest times ever in the event.[11] In 2004, Crocker was the favorite in the men's 100 metre butterfly, but lost to Phelps by four one-hundredths of a second.[11] This victory gave Phelps the right to swim in the final of the 4 × 100 metre medley relay, however he gave up the spot to Crocker, and took his turn in the semifinals.[11] Although holding the world record, Crocker had lost the last four times that he was up against Phelps in the 100 metre butterfly, including the 2008 United States Olympic Trials.[11] Some thought that Crocker was not in the same shape that he was when we broke the world record, including Canadian Broadcasting Company (CBC) analyst Byron MacDonald who said that "If he's (Crocker) going to beat Phelps in Beijing, Crocker has to get close to his world record time of 50.40. He just hasn't shown it [he] can do it this year".[9]

Another threat to Phelps' goal was Serbia's Milorad Čavić. In Athens 2004, Čavić was leading in a semifinal of the 100 metre butterfly, but right after his final turn, his suit opened at the neck and sucked in water, causing Čavić to finish last with a time of 53.12 seconds.[12] At the 2008 European Championships, Čavić won the men's 50 metre butterfly and was the heavy favorite to win at twice that distance, but was suspended for wearing a "Kosovo is Serbia" t-shirt on the medal podium.[12] American swimmer Gary Hall Jr. told The New York Times that although "Mike (Phelps) has been saying he’s going to win the 100 fly at the Olympics for the last year", he thought that Čavić would be the winner.[13]

Other possible medal contenders included Andriy Serdinov of Ukraine, who had won the Olympic bronze medal in 2004,[9] and Venezuelan Albert Subriats, a bronze medalist at the 2007 World Championships and seen as a potential spoiler, if he could match or improve on his 51.82 time, in Beijing.[9]

Competition

Heats

The heats began on August 14, at 19:57 local time (CST or UTC+8).[14] There were nine preliminary heats, but all sixteen qualifiers came from the last five heats. Only three swimmers participated in the first heat, which was won by Andrejs Duda of Latvia with a time of 55.20 seconds.[5] Heats 2, 3, and 4 were won by Shaune Fraser (Cayman Islands), Rimvydas Salcius (Lithuania), and Jakob Schioett Andkjaer (Denmark), respectively.[5] Salcius, Jeremy Knowles (Bahamas), and Alon Mandel (Israel) all broke their countries' previous records, while in heat 4, Andkjaer, Michal Rubáček of the Czech Republic, Sotirios Pastras of Greece, and Ioan Stefan Gherghel of Romania also set new national records.[3] South African Lyndon Ferns was the first swimmer to qualify for the semifinals, winning heat 5 with a time of 52.04 seconds,[5] while national records were broken by Mario Todorović (Croatia), Simão Morgado (Portugal), and Douglas Lennox-Silva (Puerto Rico).[3] Sergii Breus (Ukraine) and Shi Feng (China), finished first and second in heat 6, with times of 51.82 and 51.87 seconds, respectively, that allowed them to reach the semifinals.[5] Five of the eight swimmers in heat 7 advanced as well, including Jason Dunford (Kenya), Andrew Lauterstein (Australia), Takuro Fujii (Japan), Frederick Bousquet (France), and Ryan Pini (Papua New Guinea).[5] Dunford, with a 51.14 time, set a new Olympic record, beating Phelps' previous record of 51.25 seconds, achieved in the final of the 100 metre butterfly in Athens; he also set new African and Kenyan records.[3] Andrew Lauterstein's 51.37 time was a new Oceanic and Australian best.[5] Takuro Fujii set a Japanese and an Asian record with his 51.50 time.[5] The swimmers qualifying from heat 8 were Albert Subirats Altes (Venezuela), Corney Swanepoel (New Zealand), and Ian Crocker (United States).[5] Records broken in the this heat included the South American and Venezuelan records (by Altes), and the New Zealand record (by Swanepoel).[5] Heat 9 was the fastest one, with Milorad Čavić (Serbia), Michael Phelps (United States), Andrii Serdinov (Ukraine), Peter Mankoč (Slovenia), and Kaio de Almeida (Brazil) all earning spots in the next round.[5] Čavić, the heat's winner with a 50.76 time, beat the Olympic record set by Dunford two heats earlier,[3] thus also setting a new European and Serbian record. Serdinov and Mankoč also managed to break their national records.[3]

Semifinals

The semifinals were held on August 15 and started at 11:26 CST.[15] The first semifinal was won by Michael Phelps with a time of 50.97 seconds. Other three swimmers qualified from this semifinal: Andrew Lauterstein (51.27 seconds), Jason Dunford (51.33 seconds), and Ryan Pini (51.62 seconds).[5] Surprisingly, Albert Subirats Altes, the bronze medalist at the 2007 World Championships,[9] failed to qualify, after finishing in the sixth place.[5] Also missing the cut was the host nation's representative Shi Feng, Segii Breus, and Kaio de Almeida.[5] The second semifinal was won in 50.92 seconds by Milorad Čavić, once again. The remaining three qualifiers were Ian Crocker (51.27 seconds), Andriy Serdinov (51.41 seconds), and Takuro Fujii (51.59 seconds).[5] New time bests set in the semifinals included the Oceanic and Australian records (set by Lauterstein), and the Chinese record (set by Shi).[3]

Final

Crowds pack the Beijing National Aquatics Center on the morning of the final.

The final took place on August 16, at 10:10 CST.[16] Before the race, Milorad Čavić made headlines by saying in an interview that it would be better for swimming if he beat Phelps.[2] Phelps' coach Bob Bowman used the quote to provide motivation to his protégé. In an interview, Phelps said that doubters like Čavić "fires me up more than anything, I always welcome comments. It definitely motivates me even more."[1] Almost immediately after the race started, Čavić took the lead with Phelps getting off to a slow start. At the turn, Čavić was first,[17][18] followed by Ian Crocker,[17] while Phelps made the split in seventh place, just 0.62 seconds behind Čavić.[18] As the two approached the finish, Čavić tried to coast to the wall on one last stroke,[18] while Phelps, who had misjudged the end, took an extra half-stroke, causing both competitors to touch the wall at almost exactly the same time.[2] It turned out that Phelps had actually finished one one-hundredth of a second ahead of Čavić, with a time of 50.58 seconds.[19] Phelps even admitted that, at first, he thought the extra stroke he took had cost him the gold medal, until he looked at the scoreboard displaying the results.[1] Andrew Lauterstein won the bronze medal, also beating Crocker by one one-hundredth of a second.[1]

Several records were broken at the final. For the first time at the 2008 Summer Olympics, Phelps did not break the current world record in a final, finishing eighteen one-hundredths of a second behind team-mate Crocker's 50.40-second world record from 2005; he did though set a new Olympic record.[2] Three continental records were broken in the final, with Fujii setting a new Asian record, Čavić a new European record, and Lauterstein a new Oceanic record.[3] Although he finished last, swimmer Ryan Pini made history as the first swimmer from Papua New Guinea to swim in an Olympic final, and even received a call from the prime minister Michael Somare congratulating him.[20] Most notably though, Phelps won his seventh gold medal at these Games, tying Mark Spitz's record for most gold medals won at a single Olympic Games.[2] For being able to emulate Spitz's record, Speedo, a sponsor of Michael Phelps, awarded him a US$1 million bonus, which had already been offered to him at the 2004 Summer Olympics, under the same conditions.[1] After the final, the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) arranged a joint interview with Phelps and Spitz, where Spitz praised Phelps' effort, telling him that "what you did tonight was epic" and even though at one point, Phelps was more than half a second behind Čavić, Spitz "never thought for one moment you (Phelps) were out of that race."[2]

Protest

Almost immediately after the end of the race, the Serbian team filed a protest claiming that Čavić touched the wall first but did not use enough force to trigger the timing sensor.[18] Officials of the International Swimming Federation (FINA) watched the video in slow motion, and announced that Phelps' victory would be upheld. Ben Ekumbo, a FINA referee announced that "It's very clear that the Serbian swimmer touched second after Michael Phelps."[2] Although Serbia conceded their protest, not everyone was convinced that Phelps had won the gold medal; Branislav Jevtic, Serbia's deputy chef de mission for all sports, was quoted as saying "In my opinion, it's not right, but we must follow the rules. Everybody saw what happened."[1] In one interview after the race Čavić said that he is "completely happy with where I am", while in another he revealed that he expects that "People will be bringing this up for years and saying you (Čavić) won that race. If we got to do this again, I would win it".[18]

Records

Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were:

World record  Ian Crocker (USA) 50.40 s Montreal, Canada 30 July 2005 [21]
Olympic record  Michael Phelps (USA) 51.25 s Athens, Greece 16 August 2004 [21]

The following records were established during the competition:

Date Round Name Nationality Time OR WR
August 14 Heat 7 Jason Dunford Kenya 51.14 OR
August 14 Heat 9 Milorad Čavić Serbia 50.76 OR
August 16 Final Michael Phelps United States 50.58 OR

Results

Key
  •        Qualified for next round
  • AF = African record
  • AM = Americas record
  • AS = Asian record
  • DNF = Did not finish
  • DNS = Did not start
  • DSQ = Disqualified
  • EU = European record
  • NR = National record
  • OC = Oceanian record
  • OR = Olympic record
  • WR = World record

Heats

Rank Heat Lane Name Nationality Time Notes
1 9 5 CavicMilorad Čavić Serbia 50.76 OR
2 9 4 Phelps, MichaelMichael Phelps United States 50.87
3 9 7 Serdinov, AndriyAndriy Serdinov Ukraine 51.10 NR[3]
4 7 5 Dunford, JasonJason Dunford Kenya 51.14 AF
5 9 2 Mankoč, PeterPeter Mankoč Slovenia 51.24 NR[3]
6 7 3 Lauterstein, AndrewAndrew Lauterstein Australia 51.37 OC
7 7 7 Fujii, TakuroTakuro Fujii Japan 51.50 AS
8 8 5 Subirats Altes, AlbertAlbert Subirats Altes Venezuela 51.71 NR
9 8 1 Swanepoel, CorneyCorney Swanepoel New Zealand 51.78 NR[3]
10 6 2 Breus, SergiiSergii Breus Ukraine 51.82
11 7 4 Bousquet, FrédérickFrédérick Bousquet France 51.83
12 6 8 Shi Feng China 51.87
13 8 4 Crocker, IanIan Crocker United States 51.95
14 7 2 Pini, RyanRyan Pini Papua New Guinea 52.00
15 5 3 Ferns, LyndonLyndon Ferns South Africa 52.04
16 9 6 Almeida, KaioKaio Almeida Brazil 52.05
17 8 7 Pine, AdamAdam Pine Australia 52.07
18 6 6 Frolander, LarsLars Frolander Sweden 52.15
19 4 3 Schioett Andkjaer, JakobJakob Schioett Andkjaer Denmark 52.24
20 5 5 Todorović, MarioMario Todorović Croatia 52.26 NR[3]
20 7 1 Skvortsov, NikolayNikolay Skvortsov Russia 52.26
20 9 1 van Aggele, RobinRobin van Aggele Netherlands 52.26
23 8 6 Mangabeira, GabrielGabriel Mangabeira Brazil 52.28
24 8 3 Korotyshkin, EvgenyEvgeny Korotyshkin Russia 52.30
25 4 4 Pastras, SotiriosSotirios Pastras Greece 52.41 NR[3]
26 9 3 Kishida, MasayukiMasayuki Kishida Japan 52.45
27 6 4 Rock, MichaelMichael Rock Great Britain 52.48
28 4 6 Gherghel, Ioan StefanIoan Stefan Gherghel Romania 52.50 NR[3]
29 6 5 Cooper, ToddTodd Cooper Great Britain 52.52
30 8 2 Muñoz, RafaelRafael Muñoz Spain 52.53
31 8 8 Lebon, ChristopheChristophe Lebon France 52.56
32 6 3 Burmester, MossMoss Burmester New Zealand 52.67
33 5 1 Morgado, SimãoSimão Morgado Portugal 52.80 NR[3]
34 3 2 Salcius, RimvydasRimvydas Salcius Lithuania 52.90 NR[3]
35 7 8 Bartoch, JoeJoe Bartoch Canada 52.90
36 2 5 Mandel, AlonAlon Mandel Israel 52.99 NR[3]
37 5 2 Heersbrandt, FrançoisFrançois Heersbrandt Belgium 53.33
38 5 8 Lennox-Silva, DouglasDouglas Lennox-Silva Puerto Rico 53.34 NR[3]
39 5 6 Sioui, AdamAdam Sioui Canada 52.38
40 5 4 Lendjer, IvanIvan Lendjer Serbia 53.41
41 9 8 Starke, BenjaminBenjamin Starke Germany 53.50
42 4 1 Rubacek, MichalMichal Rubacek Czech Republic 53.53 NR[3]
43 5 7 Lazuka, EvgenyEvgeny Lazuka Belarus 53.54
44 7 6 Rupprath, ThomasThomas Rupprath Germany 53.56
45 4 2 Veloz, JuanJuan Veloz Mexico 53.58
46 6 7 Gonzalez, Octavio Andrés AlesiOctavio Andrés Alesi Gonzalez Venezuela 53.58
47 6 1 Puninski, AlexeiAlexei Puninski Croatia 53.65
48 4 8 Gambin, RyanRyan Gambin Malta 53.70
49 3 3 Knowles, JeremyJeremy Knowles Bahamas 53.72 NR[3]
50 3 1 Madarassy, AdamAdam Madarassy Hungary 53.93
51 2 5 Fraser, ShauneShaune Fraser Cayman Islands 54.08
52 3 8 Reynisson, Hjortur MarHjortur Mar Reynisson Iceland 54.17
53 3 7 Becerra, CamiloCamilo Becerra Colombia 54.27
54 2 4 Bego, DanielDaniel Bego Malaysia 54.38
55 2 2 Touw Ngie Tjouw, GordonGordon Touw Ngie Tjouw Suriname 54.54
56 2 6 Khudiyev, RustamRustam Khudiyev Kazakhstan 54.62
57 4 7 Poseria, AnkurAnkur Poseria India 54.74
58 3 5 Uras, OnurOnur Uras Turkey 54.79
59 1 3 Duda, AndrejsAndrejs Duda Latvia 55.20
60 3 6 Palazov, GeorgiGeorgi Palazov Bulgaria 55.25
61 2 3 Nada, AhmedAhmed Nada Egypt 55.59
61 2 1 Almuhana, Bader AbdulrahmanBader Abdulrahman Almuhana Saudi Arabia 55.59
63 1 4 Cardoso Matias, João LuisJoão Luis Cardoso Matias Angola 57.06
64 2 7 Nisić, NedimNedim Nisić Bosnia and Herzegovina 57.16
65 1 5 Camargo, MarcoMarco Camargo Ecuador 57.48
4 5 Nalesso, MattiaMattia Nalesso Italy DNF

Semifinals

Rank Heat Lane Name Nationality Time Notes
1 2 4 CavicMilorad Čavić Serbia 50.92
2 1 4 Phelps, MichaelMichael Phelps United States 50.97
3 1 3 Lauterstein, AndrewAndrew Lauterstein Australia 51.27 OC
3 2 1 Crocker, IanIan Crocker United States 51.27
5 1 5 Dunford, JasonJason Dunford Kenya 51.33
6 2 5 Serdinov, AndriyAndriy Serdinov Ukraine 51.41
7 2 6 Fujii, TakuroTakuro Fujii Japan 51.59
8 1 1 Pini, RyanRyan Pini Papua New Guinea 51.62
9 1 7 Shi Feng China 51.68 NR[3]
10 2 3 Mankoč, PeterPeter Mankoč Slovenia 51.80
11 1 6 Subirats Altes, AlbertAlbert Subirats Altes Venezuela 51.82
12 2 2 Swanepoel, CorneyCorney Swanepoel New Zealand 52.01
13 1 2 Breus, SergiiSergii Breus Ukraine 52.05
14 2 8 Ferns, LyndonLyndon Ferns South Africa 52.18
15 1 8 Almeida, KaioKaio Almeida Brazil 52.32
16 2 7 Bousquet, FrédérickFrédérick Bousquet France 52.94

Final

Rank Lane Name Nationality Time Notes
Gold medal icon.svg 5 Michael Phelps United States 50.58 OR
Silver medal icon.svg 4 Milorad Čavić Serbia 50.59 EU
Bronze medal icon.svg 3 Andrew Lauterstein Australia 51.12 OC
4 6 Ian Crocker United States 51.13
5 2 Jason Dunford Kenya 51.47
6 1 Takuro Fujii Japan 51.50 AS
7 7 Andriy Serdinov Ukraine 51.59
8 8 Ryan Pini Papua New Guinea 51.86

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g "Phelps ties Spitz's record with seventh gold medal ... just barely". Sports Illustrated. 2008-08-16. http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2008/olympics/2008/08/15/phelps.100.butterfly.ap/. Retrieved 2008-08-26. 
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Phelps Wins 7th Gold With 0.01 to Spare". New York Times. 2008-08-15. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/16/sports/olympics/16swim.html?_r=1&oref=slogin. Retrieved 2008-08-26. 
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "100 m Butterfly Long Course". scmsom. http://www.scmsom.se/records/events/100%20m%20Butterfly%20Men%20Long%20Course.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-26. 
  4. ^ a b c "Beijing 2008 - Swimming Qualifying Procedures". International Swimming Federation. http://www.fina.org/project/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=587&Itemid=274. Retrieved 2008-08-30. 
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "XXIX Olympic Games". SwimRankings.net. 2008-08-17. http://www.swimrankings.net/index.php?page=meetDetail&meetId=15443126&gender=1&styleId=16. Retrieved 2008-08-27. 
  6. ^ "China's Olympic Swimming Pool: Redefining Fast". National Public Radio. 2008-08-10. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93478073. Retrieved 2008-08-30. 
  7. ^ "Celebrity Rules as the Olympics strays far from its ideal". The Japan Times. 2008-08-10. http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fd20080810pb.html. Retrieved 2008-08-30. 
  8. ^ "Five swim predictions: Aussie women strong". Yahoo Sports. 2008-08-07. http://sports.yahoo.com/olympics/beijing/swimming/news?slug=je-predictions080708&prov=yhoo&type=lgns. Retrieved 2008-09-03. 
  9. ^ a b c d e "Men's 100-metre Butterfly". Canadian Broadcasting Company. 2008-08-12. http://www.cbc.ca/olympics/contenders/story/2008/07/30/f-olympics-cont-aquatics-swimming-m10mbutterfly.html. Retrieved 2008-08-30. 
  10. ^ "Phelps wins historic eighth gold medal". CNN. 2008-08-18. http://edition.cnn.com/2008/SPORT/08/17/phelps.history.eight.golds/. Retrieved 2008-08-26. 
  11. ^ a b c d e "Crocker Enjoying His Ride to Beijing". New York Times. 2008-08-04. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/04/sports/olympics/04swimmer.html?ref=sports. Retrieved 2008-08-30. 
  12. ^ a b "Controversial O.C. Serb could spoil Phelps' gold rush". OC Register. 2008-08-14. http://www.ocregister.com/articles/cavic-phelps-olympic-2125547-won-games. Retrieved 2008-08-30. 
  13. ^ "Cavic Finds a Personal Triumph in the Narrowest of Defeats". New York Times. 2008-08-16. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/17/sports/olympics/17cavic.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&oref=slogin&adxnnlx=1220069983-ywSkM9szweHRFixoZSEjNQ. Retrieved 2008-08-29. 
  14. ^ "Competition information – Swimming (August 14)". Official website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. http://results.beijing2008.cn/WRM/ENG/Schedule/SW_2008-08-14.shtml. Retrieved 2008-09-02. 
  15. ^ "Competition information – Swimming (August 15)". Official website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. http://results.beijing2008.cn/WRM/ENG/Schedule/SW_2008-08-15.shtml. Retrieved 2008-09-02. 
  16. ^ "Competition information – Swimming (August 16)". Official website of the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad. http://results.beijing2008.cn/WRM/ENG/Schedule/SW_2008-08-16.shtml. Retrieved 2008-09-02. 
  17. ^ a b "Phelps wins 100 m butterfly thriller to tie Spitz's record". USA Today. 2008-08-15. http://www.usatoday.com/sports/olympics/beijing/swimming/2008-08-15-phelps-100-butterfly_N.htm. Retrieved 2008-08-27. 
  18. ^ a b c d e "Phelps wins gold; Serbians protest result". Canada.com. 2008-08-15. http://www.canada.com/topics/sports/beijing2008/story.html?id=4dc5030e-13f8-4091-902e-d671d919cdc2. Retrieved 2008-08-26. 
  19. ^ "It’s 8: Phelps passes Spitz with another gold". Yahoo! Sports. 2008-08-17. http://sports.yahoo.com/olympics/beijing/swimming/news?slug=ap-swm-swimming&prov=ap&type=lgns. Retrieved 2008-08-26. 
  20. ^ "PNG swimmer makes history". Radio Australia. 2008-08-19. http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/news/stories/200808/s2337520.htm?tab=sport. Retrieved 2008-08-26. 
  21. ^ a b "Olympic and World Records. Swimming: 100 m butterfly - Progression". International Olympic Committee. http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/records/results_uk.asp?DIS_S_CODE=SW&GET_C_ID=M&GET_C_OL=&GET_C_WO=1&EVT_S_CODE=021&RESULT=TRUE. Retrieved 2008-09-04. 

External links

v • d • e
Olympic Champions in Men's 100 m Butterfly

1968: Douglas Russell | 1972: Mark Spitz | 1976: Matt Vogel | 1980: Pär Arvidsson | 1984: Michael Gross | 1988: Anthony Nesty | 1992: Pablo Morales | 1996: Denis Pankratov | 2000: Lars Frölander | 2004: Michael Phelps | 2008: Michael Phelps

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