Tai Lü language

Tai Lü Language
Spoken in	China, Thailand, Myanmar, Laos
Region	Yunnan province
Total speakers
Language family	Kradai Tai Southwestern East Central Northwestern Tai Lü Language
Writing system	Tai Tham script, Thai script, New Tai Lü script
Official status
Official language in	-
Regulated by	No official regulation
Language codes
ISO 639-1	None
ISO 639-2	tai
ISO 639-3	khb
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Tai Lü (or Tai Lue, Tai Le; tai⁵¹ lɯ¹¹; Xishuangbanna Dai; Chinese: 傣仂语 Dǎilèyǔ; Thai: ภาษาไทลื้อ (phaasǎa thailéu); Vietnamese: Lự or Lữ) is a language spoken by about 670,000 people in South East Asia. This includes 250,000 people in China, 200,000 in Burma, 134,000 in Thailand, and 5,000 in Vietnam. The language is similar to other Tai languages.

In Vietnam, Tai Lü speakers are officially recognised as the Lự ethnic minority, although in China they are classified as part of the Dai people, along with speakers of the other Tai languages (except Zhuang).

Phonology

Tai Lü has 21 syllable-initial consonants, 91 syllable finals and six tones (three different tones in checked syllables, six in other syllables).

Initials

The initials ts- and s- are palatalised before i, e and ɛ and become tɕ- and ɕ-, respectively.

Finals

Tones

There are six tones for unchecked syllables, although only three are allowed in checked syllables (those ending with -p, -t or -k).

Grammar

Word order is usually Subject - Verb - Object; Modifiers (e.g. adjectives) follow nouns.

Vocabulary

Tai Lü has many loanwords from Pali, as well as from the local Chinese dialect and modern Standard Chinese.

Numbers

Writing systems

Tai Lü is written in two different alphabets. The old writing system was reformed in the 1950s, but is still in use and has recently regained government support. The new alphabet is a simplified version of the old script.

Old Tai Lü

Readable by the most people and used in Burma, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam.

New Tai Lü

"New Tai Lü" is a modernisation of the Lanna alphabet, similar to the Thai alphabet, and consists of 42 initial consonant signs (21 high-tone class, 21 low-tone class), seven final consonant signs, 16 vowel signs, two tone letters and one vowel shortening letter (or syllable-final glottal stop). Vowels signs can be placed before or after the syllable initial consonant.

Similar to the Thai alphabet, the pronunciation of the tone of a syllable depends on the class the initial consonant belongs to, syllable structure and vowel length, and the tone mark.

Unicode range ("New Tai Lue"): U+1980 – U+19DF

See also

• Tai Nüa language
• Tai Pong language
• Tai Dam language

References

• Dāo Shìxūn 刀世勋: Dǎi-Hàn cídiǎn 傣汉词典 (Dai-Chinese Dictionary; Kūnmíng 昆明, Yúnnán mínzú chūbǎnshè 云南民族出版社 2002). This is a dictionary of Tai Lü in unreformed spelling.
• Yu Cuirong 喻翠荣, Luo Meizhen 罗美珍: Daile-Han cidian 傣仂汉词典 (Tai Lü - Chinese Dictionary; Beijing, Minzu chubanshe 2004).

External links

• Lü, a language of China
• SeaSite: Tai Lue, under construction
• SIL Dai Banna Fonts
• Omniglot - Tai Lue script