| Dictionary: tall oil |
[Partial translation of German Tallöl, from partial translation of Swedish tallolja : tall, pine (from Old Norse thöll, young pine tree) + olja, oil.]
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| Sci-Tech Encyclopedia: Tall oil |
A by-product from the pulping of pine wood by the kraft (sulfate) process. In the kraft process the wood is digested under pressure with sodium hydroxide and sodium sulfide. The volatilized gases are condensed to yield sulfate turpentine. During the pulping the alkaline liquor saponifies fats and converts the fatty and resin acids to sodium salts. Concentration of the pulping solution (black liquor) prior to recovery of the inorganic pulping chemicals allows the insoluble soaps to be skimmed from the surface. Acidification of the skimmed soap yields crude tall oil.
Crude tall oil from southern pines contains 40–60% resin acids (rosin), 40–55% fatty acids, and 5–10% neutral constituents. Abietic and dehydroabietic acids comprise over 60% of the resin acids, while oleic and linoleic acids predominate in the fatty acid fraction. Fatty acids from tall oil distillation may contain as much as 10–40% resin acids or as little as 0.5%.
Major uses of tall oil fatty acids as chemical raw materials are in coatings, resins, inks, adhesives, and soaps and detergents, and as flotation agents. Tall oil is an important source of rosin in the United States. See also Pine terpene; Rosin; Wood chemicals.
| WordNet: tall oil |
The noun has one meaning:
Meaning #1:
an oil derived from wood pulp and used in making soaps or lubricants
| Wikipedia: Tall oil |
Tall oil, also called liquid rosin or tallol, is a viscous yellow-black odorous liquid obtained as a byproduct of the Kraft process of wood pulp manufacture. The name originated as anglicization of Swedish "tallolja" ("pine oil").[1]
Contents |
In the kraft process high alkalinity and temperature is converting soluble sodium soaps of lignin, rosin and fatty acids originally present as esters in the wood. The spent cooking liquor is called weak black liquor and is about 15 % dry content. The black liquor is concentrated in a multiple effect evaporator and after the first stage the black liquor is about 20 - 30 %. At this stage it is called intermediate liquor. Normally the soaps starts to flotate in the storage tank for the weak or intermediate liquors and is skimmed off and collected. This soap is called raw rosin soap or rosinate. This operation can be improved by flocculants. The raw rosin soap is then allowed to settle or centrifuged to release as much as possible of the entrained black liquor. The soap goes then to the acidulator where it is heated and acidified with sulfuric acid to produce crude tall oil.
Crude tall oil contains rosins, unsaponifiable sterols (5-10%), resin acids (mainly abietic acid and its isomers), fatty acids (mainly palmitic acid, oleic acid and linoleic acid), fatty alcohols, some sterols, and other alkyl hydrocarbon derivates.
By fractional distillation tall oil rosin is obtained, with rosin content reduced to 10-35%. By further reduction of the rosin content to 1-10%, tall oil fatty acid (TOFA) can be obtained, which is cheap, consists mostly of oleic acid, and is a source of volatile fatty acids.
The tall oil rosin finds use as a component of adhesives, rubbers, and inks, and as an emulsifier. The pitch is used as a binder in cement, an adhesive, and an emulsifier for asphalt.
TOFA is a low-cost alternative to tallow fatty acids for production of soaps and lubricants. When esterified with pentaerythritol, it is used as a compound of adhesives and oil-based varnishes.
Tall oil is also used in oil drills as a component of drilling fluids.
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 | Arizona Chemical Company (Private Company) |
| Rosin |
| Gum and wood chemicals (SIC 2861) (industry) |
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 | Dictionary. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Sci-Tech Encyclopedia. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology. Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| WordNet. WordNet 1.7.1 Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Tall oil". Read more |
