The Telangana Rebellion was a Communist led peasant revolt that took place in the former princely state of Hyderabad between 1946 and 1951. This was led by the Communist Party of India.
The revolt began in the Nalgonda district and quickly spread to the Warangal and Bidar district. Peasant farmers and labourers revolted against the Nizam and the local feudal landlords (jagirdars and deshmukhs) who were the loyals of the Nizam. The initial modest aims were to do away with the illegal and excessive exploitation meted out by these feudal lords in the name of bonded labour. The most strident demand was for the writing off of all debts of the peasants that were manipulated by the feudal lords.
At the same time the Nizam was resisting the Indian government's efforts to bring the Hyderabad state into the Indian Union. The government sent the army in September 1948 to annex the Hyderabad state into Indian Union.
The Communist party instigated the peasants to use guerrilla tactics and around 3000 villages (about 41000 sq. kilometres) came under peasant-rule. The landlords were either killed or driven out and the land was redistributed. These victorious villages established communes reminiscent of Soviet mir (social)s to administer their region. These community governments were integrated regionally into a central organization. The rebellion was led by the Communist Party of India under the banner of Andhra Mahasabha. Few among the well-known individuals at the forefront of the movement were great leaders like P Sundarayya, Chandra Rajeswara Rao, Raavi Narayana Reddy, the Urdu poet Makhdoom Mohiuddin, Hassan Nasir, Bhimreddy Narasimha Reddy, Mallu Venkata Narasimha Reddy , Mallu Swarajyam , Arutla ramchandra Reddy and his wife Arutla Kamala bai. The violent phase of the movement ended in 1951 after the accession of Hyderabad into the Indian Union in 1949. This was the time when Razzakar Movement was started by Nizams, which was very violent and was also responsible for forcable conversions of religion.
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Consequences
The rebellion and the subsequent police action lead to the liberation of Hyderabad state from the Nizam's rule on 17 September 1948 and the dominion was merged into Indian Union eventually. Elections of 1952 led to the victory of Congress party in Hyderabad state. Burgula Ramakrishna Rao was first chief minister of the Hyderabad state from 1952 to 1956 when the region was merged with the Andhra state to form present day Andhra Pradesh State.
In popular culture
- Krishan Chander's famous Hindi/Urdu novella Jab Khet Jage was based on the Telangana Rebellion. Film-maker Gautam Ghose gained acclaim 1979 when he used the story as the basis for his first feature film, the Telugu language Ma Bhoomi.
- Bandenka Bandi Katti is a famous song of the rebellion, written by Suddala Hanmanthu (Father of Suddala Ashok Teja, National award winner), and was known more as Bandi Hanmanthu
References
- Elliot, Carolyn M. (November 1974). "Decline of a Patrimonial Regime: The Telengana Rebellion in India, 1946-51". Journal of Asian Studies 34 (1): 24–47. http://www.scribd.com/doc/15377979/Decline-of-a-Patrimonial-Regime-The-Telengana-Rebellion-in-India-194651.
- Sanghatana, Stree Shakti (1989). We Were Making History: Life Stories of Women in the Telangana People's Struggle. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0862326796.
- Puchalapalli, Sundarayya (February 1973). "Telangana People's Armed Struggle, 1946-1951. Part One: Historical Setting". Social Scientist 1 (7): 3–19. http://www.scribd.com/doc/15379761/Telangana-Peoples-Armed-Struggle-19461951-Part-One-Historical-Setting.
- Puchalapalli, Sundarayya (March 1973). "Telangana People's Armed Struggle, 1946-1951. Part Two: First Phase and Its Lessons". Social Scientist 1 (8): 18–42. http://www.scribd.com/doc/15380676/Telangana-Peoples-Armed-Struggle-19461951-Part-Two-First-Phase-and-Its-Lessons.
- Puchalapalli, Sundarayya (April 1973). "Telangana People's Armed Struggle, 1946-51. Part Three: Pitted against the Indian Army". Social Scientist 1 (9): 23–46. http://www.scribd.com/doc/15381749/Telangana-Peoples-Armed-Struggle-194651-Part-Three-Pitted-against-the-Indian-Army.
- Arutla, Ramachandra Reddy. Telangana Struggle Memoirs,(New Delhi: 1984). people s publishing house. ISBN 03987-2723 http://books.rediff.com/bookshop/bkproductdisplay.jsp.
- Thirumali, Inukonda (2003). Against Dora and Nizam : People's Movement in Telangana. Kanishka Publishers, New Delhi. ISBN 8173915792.
See also
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