Pertaining to the testis.
- t. agenesis — absence of one or both testes, usually part of a wider range of defects.
- t. anomaly — includes hypoplasia, cryptorchidism, agenesis, heterotopia, polyorchidism, cystic rete testis and heterotopic Leydig cells and accessory adrenal cortical tissue.
- t. biopsy — percutaneous sampling of tissue for laboratory examination; disruption of normal spermatogenesis can be expected.
- t. calcinosis — common as a sequel to chronic inflammation and concurrent with fibrosis.
- t. degeneration — the most frequent cause of male infertility; many causes; regeneration and return to normal function possible provided some spermatogonia survive the insult and the basement membrane of the tubules is undamaged.
- t. descent — includes a long-distance, passive descent from the roof of the abdomen to near the inguinal canal followed by a short-distance, also passive, descent through the inguinal canal into the scrotum.
- t. feminization syndrome — an extreme form of male pseudohermaphroditism, with female external development, including secondary sex characteristics, but with the presence of testes and absence of uterus and tubes; it is due to end-organ resistance to the action of testosterone.
- t. fibrosis — a sequel to inflammation or degeneration; common in old bulls.
- t. foreign body constriction — malicious application of a constricting foreign body, usually an elastic band, around the base of the scrotum in dogs is an occasional cause of orchitis and often necessitates castration with scrotal ablation. Called also the ‘nasty child syndrome’, although ‘bull terrier bite’ would probably be more common.
- t. hypoplasia — occurs as an uncomplicated state, or as part of cryptorchidism or intersex anomaly; an inherited defect in Swedish Highland cattle.
- t. inflammation — see orchitis.
- t. lobuli — lobules created in the testis by connective tissue septa.
- t. mediastinum — the central dividing plane of tissue which divides the testis and is continuous with its tunica albuginea.
- t. septuli — loose connective tissue septa which divide testis into lobules.
- t. torsion — causes pain and swelling of the scrotum, abdominal pain and vomiting. In dogs, testicles with neoplasms are predisposed to torsion. Occurs occasionally in stallions (180° torsion), with no apparent detrimental consequences on health or fertility.
- t. tumors — includes interstitial cell and Sertoli cell tumors and seminomas.