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The Corporation

 
Movies:

The Corporation

  • Directors: Mark Achbar; Jennifer Abbott
  • AMG Rating: starstarstarstar
  • Genre: Culture & Society
  • Movie Type: Social Issues, Politics & Government
  • Themes: Work Ethics, Office Politics
  • Main Cast: Jane Akre, Raymond L. Anderson, Joe Badaracco, Maude Barlow, Mark Barry
  • Release Year: 2003
  • Country: CA
  • Run Time: 145 minutes

Plot

In the mid-1800s, corporations began to be recognized as individuals by U.S. courts, granting them unprecedented rights. The Corporation, a documentary by filmmakers Mark Achbar and Jennifer Abbott and author Joel Bakan, delves into that legal standard, essentially asking: if corporations were people, what kind of people would they be? Applying psychiatric principles and FBI forensic techniques, and through a series of case studies, the film determines that this entity, the corporation, which has an increasing power over the day-to-day existence of nearly every living creature on earth, would be a psychopath. The case studies include a story about how two reporters were fired from Fox News for refusing to soft-pedal a story about the dangers of a Monsanto product given to dairy cows, and another about Bolivian workers who banded together to defend their rights to their own water supply. The pervasiveness of corporate influence on our lives is explored through an examination of efforts to influence behavior, including that of children. The filmmakers interview leftist figures like Michael Moore, Howard Zinn, Naomi Klein, and Noam Chomsky, and give representatives from companies Burson Marsteller, Disney, Pfizer, and Initiative Media a chance to relay their own points-of-view. The Corporation won the Best Documentary World Cinema Audience Award at the 2004 Sundance Film Festival. ~ Josh Ralske, All Movie Guide

Review

It's not easy to make an entertaining documentary -- running nearly two and a half hours, no less -- about a subject that most audiences find too depressing, challenging, and complex to foster engagement. Remarkably, The Corporation does just that, its achievement all the more laudable for taking on a topic whose very nature is amorphous and hard to identify. As the title indicates, that topic is the corporation itself -- that faceless but omnipresent body that, in the guise of countless business and manufacturing organizations, exerts massive influence over modern industrial life. The left-leaning politics of the filmmakers are apparent, but never in a dogmatic way, as they break up the movie into numerous sections diagnosing and offering prognoses for the corporation, as if that entity was a psychiatric patient. To no surprise, the corporation comes off roughly equivalent to the most disturbed mentally ill individuals, acting without guilt, shame, or consideration of consequences that include environmental devastation, disregard for personal and legal rights, and wanton exploitation of third-world peoples and resources (and much more, but a complete list would necessitate several capsule reviews). Sound dry? It isn't, because the filmmakers cannily employ witty graphics, stock footage, and above all, fascinating interviews to illustrate the history of the growth of the destructive power of corporations, fast-paced and well edited.

The interviewees include some of the usual suspects you'd expect to show up in such a film -- Noam Chomsky, Michael Moore, and Howard Zinn, for instance -- but many more less celebrated figures comment, sometimes guardedly and sometimes surprisingly frankly, on the monstrous but relatively anonymous behavior corporations generate. Some of them, one suspects, end up giving away more than they really want to. What's even more chilling than the environmental damage and human exploitation that corporations wreak is the guileless, almost gleefully willful co-option of some of the interviewees into the corporate process, like the university students whose studies are actually "sponsored" and paid for by corporations; the Shell executive who claims that he shares the same goals as protesters against his company's environmental policies; or the guy who makes a living being a deceitful corporate infiltrator-spy of sorts. In this way, it's suggested that part of the corporate malady is the human character itself. It's a depressing, if informative and thought-provoking, prognosis, though ameliorated slightly by a more hopeful closing section documenting some pockets of resistance to the corporate danger, most movingly through a carpet manufacturer who actually seems sincerely dedicated to making his business more ecologically responsible. ~ Richie Unterberger, All Movie Guide

Cast

  • Jane Akre
  • Raymond L. Anderson
  • Joe Badaracco
  • Maude Barlow
  • Mark Barry
Elain Bernard; Edwin Black; Carlton Brown; Christopher Barrett; Luke McCabe; Peter Drucker; Dr. Samuel Epstein; Andrea Finger; Milton Friedman; Sam Gibara; Dr. Richard Grossman; Dr. Robert Hare; Gabriel Herbas; Lucy Hughes; Ira Jackson; Charles Kernaghan; Robert Keyes; Mark Kingwell; Tom Kline; Chris Komisarjevsky; Dr. Susan Linn; Robert Monks; Mark Moody-Stuart; Oscar Olivera; Jonathon Ressler; Jeremy Rifkin; Anita Roddick; Dr. Vandana Shiva; Clay Timon; Michael Walker; Robert Weissman; S.S. Wilson; Irving Wladawsky-Berger; Mary Zepernick; Howard Zinn; Mikela J. Mikael - Narrator; Michael Moore; Noam Chomsky; Naomi Klein

Credit

Tom Shandel - Co-producer, Cari Green - Co-producer, Nathan Neumer - Co-producer, Mark Achbar - Director, Jennifer Abbott - Director, Jennifer Abbott - Editor, Mark Achbar - Executive Producer, Leonard J. Paul - Composer (Music Score), Velcrow Ripper - Musical Direction/Supervision, Kirk Tougas - Cinematographer, Mark Achbar - Cinematographer, Rolf Cutts - Cinematographer, Jeff Koffman - Cinematographer, Mark Achbar - Producer, Bart Simpson - Producer, Paula Sawadsky - Research, Velcrow Ripper - Sound/Sound Designer, Harold Crooks - Screenwriter, Mark Achbar - Screenwriter, Joel Bakan - Screenwriter, Joel Bakan - Book Author

Similar Movies

Enron: The Smartest Guys in the Room; Startup.com; The Big One; Manufacturing Consent: Noam Chomsky and the Media; Frontline: Bigger Than Enron; Profits of Punishment; Super Size Me; Power and Terror: Noam Chomsky in Our Times; The Yes Men; Fahrenheit 9/11; Orwell Rolls in His Grave; McLibel: Two Worlds Collide; Who Killed the Electric Car?; King Corn; What Would Jesus Buy?; Czech Dream
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Wikipedia: The Corporation
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The Corporation

Promotional poster for The Corporation
Directed by Mark Achbar
Jennifer Abbott
Produced by Mark Achbar
Bart Simpson (filmmaker)
Written by Joel Bakan
Harold Crooks
Mark Achbar
Narrated by Mikela J. Mikael
Music by Leonard J. Paul
Cinematography Mark Achbar
Rolf Cutts
Jeff Koffman
Kirk Tougas
Editing by Jennifer Abbott
Studio Big Picture Media Corporation
Distributed by Zeitgeist Films
Release date(s) Toronto International Film Festival:
September 10, 2003
Canada
January 16, 2004 (limited)
United States
June 4, 2004
Australia:
September 2, 2004
United Kingdom:
October 29, 2004
Running time 145 minutes
Country Canada
Language English

The Corporation is a 2003 Canadian documentary film written by Joel Bakan, and directed by Mark Achbar and Jennifer Abbott. The documentary is critical of the modern-day corporation, considering it as a class of person and evaluating its behaviour towards society and the world at large as a psychatrist might evaluate an ordinary person. This is explored through specific examples. The Corporation has been displayed worldwide, on television, and via DVD, file sharing, and free download. Bakan wrote the book, The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power (ISBN 0-74324-744-2), during the filming of the documentary.

Contents

Synopsis

The documentary shows the development of the contemporary business corporation, from a legal entity that originated as a government-chartered institution meant to effect specific public functions, to the rise of the modern commercial institution entitled to most of the legal rights of a person. One theme is its assessment as a "personality", as a result of an 1886 case in the United States Supreme Court in which a statement by Chief Justice Morrison R. Waite[nb 1] led to corporations as "persons" having the same rights as human beings, based on the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The film's assessment is effected via the diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV; Robert Hare, a University of British Columbia psychology professor and a consultant to the FBI, compares the profile of the contemporary profitable business corporation to that of a clinically-diagnosed psychopath. The documentary concentrates mostly upon North American corporations, especially those of the United States.

The film is in vignettes examining and criticising corporate business practices, to establish parallels, between corporate legal misbehaviour (malfeasance) and the DSM-IV's symptoms of psychopathy, i.e. callous disregard for the feelings of other people, the incapacity to maintain human relationships, reckless disregard for the safety of others, deceitfulness (continual lying to deceive for profit), the incapacity to experience guilt, and the failure to conform to social norms and respect for the law.

Topics addressed

Topics addressed include the Business Plot, where in 1933, the popular General Smedley Butler exposed a corporate plot against then U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt; the tragedy of the commons; Dwight D. Eisenhower's warning people to beware of the rising military-industrial complex; economic externalities; suppression of an investigative news story about Bovine Growth Hormone on a Fox News Channel affiliate television station; the invention of Fanta due to the trade embargo on Nazi Germany; the alleged role of IBM in the Nazi holocaust (see IBM and the Holocaust); the Cochabamba protests of 2000 brought on by the privatization of Bolivia's municipal water supply by the Bechtel Corporation; and in general themes of corporate social responsibility, the notion of limited liability, the corporation as a psychopath, and the corporation as a person.

Interviews

The film also features interviews with prominent corporate critics such as Noam Chomsky, Naomi Klein, Michael Moore, Vandana Shiva, Charles Kernaghan, and Howard Zinn as well as opinions from company CEOs such as Ray Anderson (from the Interface carpet & fabric company), the capitalist viewpoints of Peter Drucker and Milton Friedman, and think tanks advocating free markets such as the Fraser Institute. Interviews also feature Dr. Samuel Epstein with his involvement in a lawsuit against Monsanto Company for promoting the use of Posilac, (Monsanto's trade name for recombinant Bovine Somatotropin) to induce more milk production in dairy cattle.

The corporation is an externalizing machine (moving its operating costs to external organizations and people), in the same way that a shark is a killing machine.
 
— Robert Monks, corporate governance advisor and former Republican candidate for Senate from Maine

The following individuals were interviewed for The Corporation, each appearing on the screen at different times during the documentary:

  • Jane Akre, investigative reporter, fired by TV station WTVT
  • Ray Anderson, CEO, Interface Inc., world's largest commercial carpet manufacturer
  • Joe Badaracco, Prof. of Business Ethics, Harvard Business School
  • Maude Barlow, chairperson, Council of Canadians
  • Marc Barry Competitive intelligence professional
  • Elaine Bernard, director, Harvard Business School Labor Program
  • Edwin Black, author, IBM and the Holocaust
  • Carlton Brown, commodities broker
  • Noam Chomsky, professor, M.I.T.
  • Chris Barrett & Luke Mccabe, "Corporately-sponsored" students
  • Peter Drucker, management guru
  • Dr. Samuel Epstein, Emeritus Professor of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, U. of Illinois
  • Andrea Finger, spokesperson, Disney-built town of Celebration
  • Milton Friedman, Nobel Prize-winning economist
  • Sam Gibara, chairman and former CEO, Goodyear Tire
  • Richard Grossman, co-founder, Program on Corporations, Law and Democracy
  • Dr. Robert Hare, Ph.D., psychologist and FBI psychopath consultant
  • Lucy Hughes, vice president, Initiative Media
  • Ira Jackson, director, Center for Business & Government, Kennedy School, Harvard
  • Charles Kernaghan, director, National Labor Committee
  • Robert Keyes, president and CEO, Canadian Council for International Business
  • Mark Kingwell, philosopher, cultural critic, author
  • Naomi Klein, author, No Logo
  • Tom Kline, vice president, Pfizer Inc., world's largest pharmaceutical corporation
  • Chris Komisarjevsky, CEO, Burson Marsteller Worldwide
  • Dr. Susan Linn, Prof. of Psychiatry, Baker Children's Center, Harvard
  • Robert Monks, corporate governance adviser and shareholder activist
  • Sir Mark Moody-Stuart, former chairman, Royal Dutch Shell
  • Michael Moore, author, filmmaker
  • Oscar Olivera, leader, Coalition in Defense of Water and Life
  • Jonathon Ressler, CEO, Big Fat Inc., undercover marketing specialist[1]

Reception

Film critics gave the film generally favorable reviews. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 90% of critics gave the film positive reviews, based on 104 reviews.[2] Metacritic reported the film had an average score of 73 out of 100, based on 28 reviews.[3]

Variety praised the film's "surprisingly cogent, entertaining, even rabble-rousing indictment of perhaps the most influential institutional model for our era" and its avoidance of "a sense of excessively partisan rhetoric" by deploying a wide range of interviewees and "a bold organizational scheme that lets focus jump around in interconnective, humorous, hit-and-run fashion."[4]

In the Chicago Sun-Times, Roger Ebert described the film as "an impassioned polemic, filled with information sure to break up any dinner-table conversation," but felt that "at 145 minutes, it overstays its welcome. The wise documentarian should treat film stock as a non-renewable commodity."[5]

The Economist review suggests that the idea for an organization as a psychopathic entity originated with Max Weber, in regards to government bureaucracy. Also, the reviewer remarks that the film weighs heavily in favor of public ownership as a solution to the evils depicted, while failing to acknowledge the magnitude of evils committed by governments in the name of public ownership, such as those of the Communist Party in the former Soviet Union.[6]

The Maoist Internationalist Movement, in their review criticizes the film for the opposite: for depicting the communist party in an unfavourable light, while adopting an anarchist approach favoring direct democracy and worker's councils without emphasizing the need for a centralized bureaucracy. The film, in their view "offers no realistic alternative to imperialism." and "it shares some of the strengths and downfalls" of Mark Achbar's film Manufacturing Consent, which celebrates the life of anarcho-syndicalist, linguist, and activist Noam Chomsky. In their view, "corporate power for profit [is] not the same as megabureaucracy without profit."[7]

The film was nominated for numerous awards, and won the World Cinema Audience Award: Documentary at the Sundance Film Festival, 2004, along with a Special Jury Award at the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam (IDFA) in 2003 and 2004.

Versions

TVO version

It is an extended edition made for TVO that separates the documentary into 3 1-hour episodes:

  • Pathology of Commerce: About the pathological self-interest of the modern corporation.
  • Planet Inc.: About the scope of commerce and the sophisticated, even covert, techniques marketers use to get their brands into our homes.
  • Reckoning: About how corporations cut deals with any style of government - from Nazi Germany to despotic states today - that allow or even encourage sweatshops, as long as sales go up.

DVD version

The DVD version was released as a 2-disc set that includes following:[8]

  • Disc 1 includes the film, 17 minutes deleted scenes, 2 tracks of directors' and writer's commentary, filmmakers' Q's & A's and interviews, theatrical trailer, 60 minutes of Joel Bakan interviewed by Janeane Garofalo on Majority Report, Air America Radio, 10 minutes of Katherine Dodds on grassroots marketing, 3 language (English, French, Spanish) subtitles, descriptive audio.
  • Disc 2 includes 165 never-before-seen clips and updates sorted by person (Hear More From...) and subject (Topical Paradise). Hear More From... includes updates and goodies like the Milton Friedman Choir singing "An Ode To Privatization". Topical Paradise includes 22 topics, with Related Film Resources include 15 film trailers and a 30 minute UK animated film.

A single-disc set was also released that contained only the main feature.

Notes

  1. ^ "The court does not wish to hear argument on the question whether the provision in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which forbids a State to deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws, applies to these corporations. We are all of the opinion that it does." However, the Supreme Court decision did not itself address the matter of whether corporations were 'persons' with respect to the Fourteenth Amendment; in Chief Justice Waite's words, "we avoided meeting the question". (118 U.S. 394 (1886) - According to the official court Syllabus in the United States Reports)

References

External links

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