The President's Council on Bioethics

The President's Council on Bioethics (PCBE[3]) was a group of individuals appointed by United States President George W. Bush to advise his administration on bioethics. Established on November 28, 2001, by Executive Order 13237, the Council was directed to "advise the President on bioethical issues that may emerge as a consequence of advances in biomedical science and technology."[4] It succeeded and largely replaced National Bioethics Advisory Commission, appointed by President Bill Clinton in 1996, which expired in 2001.

The members of the council were appointed directly by the President; the President also chose the chairperson of the Council (last appointed Chair was Edmund D. Pellegrino). Council members, totaling no more than 18, were appointed for a two-year term, after which time they could be reappointed by the President. Individuals appointed could not be officers or employees of the federal government. Executive Order 13237 [5] was renewed in 2003 and again in 2005.

Expiration and replacement

In June 2009, President Barack Obama's administration informed members of the Council that their services were no longer needed.^[1] Through a spokeperson, Obama made clear that he intended to replace the committee with a body that "offers practical policy options" rather than philosophical guidance.^[1] On Wednesday, Nov. 25, 2009, Obama named Amy Gutmann, the president of the University of Pennsylvania, to chair his new advisory panel on bioethics. James W. Wagner, the president of Emory University, was appointed vice chairperson.^[2] The new commission is widely ancipated to include more liberal members than the previous body, with Ezekiel J. Emanuel, R. Alta Charo, Thomas Murray, Ruth Faden, Arthur Caplan, Jacob Appel, and Ruth Macklin among those who have been mentioned in the media as potential members.^[3][4][5][6] No timeline has been announced for the creation of this new council.^[1]

Criticism

Critics such as Elizabeth Blackburn, who was fired from the Commission, accused it of being set up to justify President Bush's positions on stem cell research and abortion, and his alleged distortions of science. ^[7][8]

Bioethicist Leslie A. Meltzer accused the Commission of wrapping "political and religious agendas in the guise of dignity," and described them as largely Christian-affiliated neoconservatives; philosophers and political scientists rather than bench scientists. Meltzer said that Council members mischaracterized the positions of their opponents and used invective rather than addressing the merits of the arguments.^[9]

The response to President Obama's decision to disband the Council drew both criticism and praise. Colleen Carroll Campbell of the Ethics and Public Policy Center - an organization founded to "clarify and reinforce the bond between the Judeo-Christian moral tradition and the public debate over domestic and foreign policy issues"^[10] - predicted that "Obama's desire to see his policies backed by expert 'consensus' more likely will be realized with a new commission composed of like-minded political liberals steeped in utilitarianism than with the brainy, diverse and unpredictable crew that populated the now-defunct council."^[11] In contrast, Jacob M. Appel of New York's Mount Sinai Hospital wrote that "the panel itself, far from being an incubator of intellectual ferment, had evolved into a publicly funded right-wing think tank with a handful of token moderates for window dressing" and argued that "Obama was wise to scrap the entire panel and to start over."^[12]

Members and Staff

Chairmen

• Edmund D. Pellegrino, M.D. - chairman (2005-2008)
• Leon R. Kass, M.D., Ph.D. - chairman (2001-2005)

Members

Former Council staff

• F. Daniel Davis, Ph.D. - executive director (2005-2009)
• Dean Frazier Clancy - executive director (2001-2004)
• Yuval Levin - executive director (2004-2005)
• Richard Roblin, Ph.D. - scientific director (2001-2005), acting executive director (2005)
• O. Carter Snead - general counsel (2003-2005)

Reports and Publications

• Taking Care: Ethical Caregiving in Our Aging Society (2005)
• White Paper: Alternative Sources of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2005)
• Reproduction and Responsibility: The Regulation of New Biotechnologies (2004)
• Monitoring Stem Cell Research (2004)
• Being Human: Readings from the President's Council on Bioethics (2003)
• Beyond Therapy: Biotechnology and the Pursuit of Happiness (2003)
• Human Cloning and Human Dignity (2002)

See also

• Bioethics
• Biotechnology
• Cloning
• stem-cell research

External links

• The President's Council on Bioethics
• Council Reports and Publications
• Johns Hopkins Berman Institute of Bioethics

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} Wade, Nicholas. Obama Plans to Replace Bush’s Bioethics Panel. The New York Times June 17, 2009
2. ^ "Obama taps Penn's Gutmann to lead bioethics panel," Philadelphia Inquirer, Nov. 25, 2009
3. ^ http://www.scienceprogress.org/2009/06/bioethics-council/ Science Progress
4. ^ [1]
5. ^ Obama Disbands Bioethics Council
6. ^ Bioethics Council Terminated
7. ^ AP (2004-03-19). "Scientists rally around stem cell advocate fired by Bush". http://www.usatoday.com/news/science/2004-03-19-fired-bioethicist_x.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-30. 
8. ^ Blackburn E, Rowley J (2004) Reason as Our Guide. PLoS Biol 2(4): e116 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0020116[2] Free Text
9. ^ Human Dignity and Bioethics: Essays Commissioned by the President's Council on Bioethics, Book Review by Leslie A. Meltzer, New England Journal of Medicine, 359:660 (August 7, 2008)
10. ^ Ethics and Public Policy Center http://www.eppc.org/
11. ^ Campbell, Colleen Carroll. [http://www.stltoday.com/stltoday/news/columnists.nsf/colleencarrollcampbell/story/A2538AAD388A962B862575E6007F8C59? Dissolution of bioethics council is a loss for America] St. Louis Post Dispatch, July 2, 2009
12. ^ Moving Bioethics Forward, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, July 8, 2009.

• "Executive Order 13237". http://www.bioethics.gov/about/executive.html. Retrieved August 25 2005.  The executive order that established the Council and defined its goals and powers.