Thionville (tyôNvēl'), Ger. Diedenhofen, town (1990 pop. 40,835), Moselle dept., NE France, in Lorraine. It is a center for metallurgical and chemical industries. The town was a favorite of Charlemagne. In the testament of Thionville (806) Charlemagne divided his kingdom among his sons. After being captured by the Prussians in 1870, the town remained German until 1919.
Thionville
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Coordinates: 49°21′32″N 6°10′09″E / 49.3588888889°N 6.16916666667°E
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Commune of Thionville |
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| Location | |
  Thionville
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| Administration | |
|---|---|
| Country | France |
| Region | Lorraine |
| Department | Moselle |
| Arrondissement | Thionville Est and Ouest |
| Intercommunality | Portes de France-Thionville |
| Mayor | Bertrand Mertz (2008–2014) |
| Statistics | |
| Elevation | 147–423 m (480–1,390 ft) (avg. 150 m/490 ft) |
| Land area1 | 49.86 km2 (19.25 sq mi) |
| Population2 | 40,907 (1999) |
| - Density | 820 /km2 (2,100 /sq mi) |
| Miscellaneous | |
| INSEE/Postal code | 57672/ 57100 |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
| 2 Population sans doubles comptes: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once. | |
Thionville (German: Diedenhofen, Luxembourgish: Diedennuewen, Dutch: Diedenhoven), is a commune in the Moselle department in Lorraine in north-eastern France.
The city is located near the Moselle River.
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Demographics
The population of Thionville boomed in the Industrial Revolution, but the economic slowdown of the 1970s affected the town and the surrounding area, causing a population decrease. The population rose again in the 1990s and in suburban Hettange-Grande in the east, although the population of the western part of the new agglomeration is decreasing around Hayange. The agglomeration is still losing population but the decrease has been slowed down. Due to Thionville's proximity to Luxembourg (15 kilometres from the border), the town's population and quality of life have both increased since the end of the 1990s.
History
After antiquity, the region was inhabited by the Germanic Alamanni. The Synod of Thionville was held from 2 February 835. It reinstated Emperor Louis the Pious and reversed his former conviction of crimes — none of which he actually committed — and deposed the Archbishop of Rheims, Ebbo. The Synod was composed of 43 bishops. On 28 February 835 in Mainz, Ebbo admitted that Louis had not committed the crimes of which he had been indicted and for which he had been deposed as Holy Roman Emperor.
Eskil, Archbishop of Lund, was imprisoned at Thionville (at the instigation of the Archbishop of Bremen?) on his return from his 1153 pilgrimage to Rome.
The Siege of Thionville in June 1639 occurred as part of the Thirty Years' War.
The writer François-René de Chateaubriand was left for dead during Condé's military émigré expedition against Thionville in 1792
After the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, the area of Alsace-Lorraine was annexed by the newly created German Empire in 1871 by the Treaty of Frankfurt and became a Reichsland. Thionville became Diedenhofen, a prosperous German city. Some large neo-Romanesque buildings typical of the German Empire were constructed in the city. German Army decided to build a fortress line from Mulhouse to Luxembourg to protect their new Reichsland. The centerpiece of this line was the great Moselstellung, between Metz and Thionville.
The fortifications around Thionville consisted of casemates, concrete barracks, infantry strong points, and concrete batteries. Each position was surrounded by several ditches, with shelters and observation cupolas. A large barbed wire belt defended by machine gun completed the defensive system.
Following the armistice with Germany ending the First World War, the French army entered Thionville in November 1918 and the city was returned to France at the Treaty of Versailles in 1919.
Jean-Marie Demange, who had served as the town's mayor for thirteen years, committed suicide in 2008.
Industry
- Iron and steel plant
- Chemical plant
- Cement factory
Administration
Incorporations:
- Veymerange, in 1967
- Volkrange, in 1970
- Garche (not continguous with the rest of the commune, Kœking and Œutrange in 1970
Thionville is divided into two cantons. Thionville Est, which includes the city, and Thionville Ouest.
- Thionville Est: 19,063 (46.6% of the total population)
- Thionville Ouest: 21,844 (53.4% of the total population)
See also
Sources and external links
- Official website
- Fort de Guentrange
- Taxis de Thionville
- Site sur la culture et l'histoire de Thionville
- Nombreuses photos de Thionville de 1900 a nos jours
- Site alternatif portail de Thionville
- Thionville
- This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913. passim
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