Timeline of carbon nanotubes:
Middle Ages
- Carbon nanotubes might have contributed to the strength of Damascus steel, though this was unknown at the time.
1952
- Radushkevich and Lukyanovich publish a paper in the Soviet Journal of Physical Chemistry showing hollow graphitic carbon fibers that are 50 nanometers in diameter.[1]
1976
- Oberlin, Endo and Koyama report CVD growth of nanometer-scale carbon fibers.[2]
1979
1985
1987
- Howard G. Tennent of Hyperion Catalysis issued a U.S. patent for graphitic, hollow core "fibrils".[5]
1991
- Nanotubes discovered in the soot of arc discharge at NEC, by Japanese researcher Sumio Iijima.[6]
- August — Nanotubes discovered in CVD by Al Harrington and Tom Maganas of Maganas Industries, leading to development of a method to synthesize monomolecular thin film nanotube coatings.[7]
1992
1993
1995
- Swiss resesearchers are the first to demonstrate the electron emission properties of carbon nanotubes[13]. German inventors Till Keesmann and Hubert Grosse-Wilde predicted this property of carbon nanotubes earlier in the year in their patent application[14].
1997
- The first suggestion of using carbon nanotubes as optical antennas is made in the patent application of inventor Robert Crowley filed in January 1997[17].
1998
2000
- First demonstration proving that bending carbon nanotubes changes their resistance[20]
2001
- April — first report on a technique for separating semiconducting and metallic nanotubes.[21]
2002
- January — Multi-walled nanotubes demonstrated to be fastest known oscillators (> 50 GHz).[22]
2003
- September — NEC announced stable fabrication technology of carbon nanotube transistors[23]
2004
- March — Nature published a photo of an individual 4 cm long single-wall nanotube (SWNT).[24]
2005
- May — A prototype high-definition 10-centimetre flat screen made using nanotubes was exhibited.[25]
- August — University of California finds Y-shaped nanotubes to be ready-made transistors.[26]
- August — General Electric announced the development of an ideal carbon nanotube diode that operates at the "theoretical limit" (the best possible performance). A photovoltaic effect was also observed in the nanotube diode device that could lead to breakthroughs in solar cells, making them more efficient and thus more economically viable.[27]
- August — Nanotube sheet synthesised with dimensions 5 × 100 cm.[28]
- September — Applied Nanotech (Texas), in conjunction with six Japanese electronics firms, have created a prototype of a 25-inch TV using carbon nanotubes. The prototype TV does not suffer from "ghosting," as some types of digital TVs do.[29]
2006
The winning nanotube-enhanced bike
- March — IBM announces that they have built an electronic circuit around a CNT.[30]
- March — Nanotubes used as a scaffold for damaged nerve regeneration.[31]
- May — Method of placing nanotube accurately is developed by IBM.[32]
- June — Gadget invented by Rice University that can sort nanotubes by size and electrical properties[33]
- July — Nanotubes were alloyed into the carbon fiber bike that won the 2006 Tour de France.[34]
2009
- April — Nanotubes incorporated in virus battery[35]
References
- ^ Monthioux, Marc (2006). "Who should be given the credit for the discovery of carbon nanotubes?" (PDF). CARBON 44: 1621. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2006.03.019. http://www.cemes.fr/fichpdf/GuestEditorial.pdf.
- ^ Oberlin, A.; M. Endo, and T. Koyama (1976). "Filamentous growth of carbon through benzene decomposition". J. Cryst. Growth 32: 335. doi:10.1016/0022-0248(76)90115-9.
- ^ "1D Diamond Crystal - A continuous pseudo-one dimensional diamond crystal - maybe a nanotube?". http://www.technovelgy.com/ct/content.asp?Bnum=699. Retrieved 2006-10-21.
"Audacious & Outrageous: Space Elevators". NASA. 7 September 2000. http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2000/ast07sep_1.htm. Retrieved 2006-10-21.
- ^ Kroto, H. W.; et al. (1985). "C60: Buckminsterfullerene". Nature 318: 162–163. doi:10.1038/318162a0.
- ^ Tennent, Howard G (5 May 1987). Carbon fibrils, method for producing same and compositions containing same. U.S. Patent 4,663,230. http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4663230.html.
- ^ Iijima, Sumio (7 November 1991). "Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon". Nature 354: 56–58. doi:10.1038/354056a0. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v354/n6348/abs/354056a0.html.
- ^ Maganas, Thomas C; Alan L. Harrington (1 September 1992). Intermittent film deposition method and system. U.S. Patent 5,143,745.
- ^ Mintmire, J.W.; et al. (3 February 1992). "Are Fullerene Tubules Metallic?". Physical Review Letters 68: 631–634. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.631. http://prola.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v68/i5/p631_1.
- ^ Saito, R.; et al. (15 July 1992). "Electronic structure of graphene tubules based on C60". Physical Review B 46: 1804–1811. doi:10.1103/PhysRevB.46.1804. http://prola.aps.org/pdf/PRB/v46/i3/p1804_1.
- ^ Hamada, N.; et al. (9 March 1992). "New One-Dimensional Conductors: Graphitic Microtubules". Physical Review Letters 68: 1579–1581. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.68.1579. http://prola.aps.org/pdf/PRL/v68/i10/p1579_1.
- ^ Bethune, D. S.; et al. (17 June 1993). "Cobalt-catalysed growth of carbon nanotubes with single-atomic-layer walls". Nature 363: 605–607. doi:10.1038/363605a0. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v363/n6430/abs/363605a0.html.
- ^ Iijima, Sumio; Toshinari Ichihashi (17 June 1993). "Single-shell carbon nanotubes of 1-nm diameter". Nature 363: 603–605. doi:10.1038/363603a0. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v363/n6430/abs/363603a0.html.
- ^ de Heer, W. A.; et al. (17 November 1995). "A Carbon Nanotube Field Emission Electron Source". Science 270: 1179–1180. doi:10.1126/science.270.5239.1179. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/sci;270/5239/1179.
- ^ FIELD-EMISSION CATHODE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING IT - Patent EP0801805
- ^ Tans, S.; et al. (3 April 1997). "Individual single-wall carbon nanotubes as quantum wires" (PDF). Nature 386: 474–477. doi:10.1038/386474a0. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v386/n6624/pdf/386474a0.pdf.
- ^ Bockrath, M.; et al. (28 March 1997). "Single-Electron Transport in Ropes of Carbon Nanotubes" (PDF). Applied Physics Letters 275: 1922–1925. doi:10.1126/science.275.5308.1922. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/275/5308/1922.pdf.
- ^ http://www.google.com/patents?id=mPURAAAAEBAJ&dq=6700550
- ^ Tans, S.; et al. (7 May 1998). "Room-temperature transistor based on a single carbon nanotube" (PDF). Nature 393: 49–52. doi:10.1038/29954. http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v393/n6680/pdf/393049a0.pdf.
- ^ Martel, R.; et al. (26 October 1998). "Single- and multi-wall carbon nanotube field-effect transistors". Applied Physics Letters 73: 2447–2449. doi:10.1063/1.122477. http://scitation.aip.org/getpdf/servlet/GetPDFServlet?filetype=pdf&id=APPLAB000073000017002447000001.
- ^ Tombler, Tw; Zhou, C; Alexseyev, L; Kong, J; Dai, H; Liu, L; Jayanthi, Cs; Tang, M; Wu, Sy (Jun 2000). "Reversible electromechanical characteristics of carbon nanotubes under local-probe manipulation". Nature 405 (6788): 769–72. doi:10.1038/35015519. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 10866192.
- ^ Collins, Philip; Michael S. Arnold, Phaedon Avouris (27 April 2001). "Engineering Carbon Nanotubes and Nanotube Circuits Using Electrical Breakdown". Science 292: 706–709. doi:10.1126/science.1058782. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/292/5517/706.
- ^ "Nanotubes in the Fast Lane". 18 January 2002. http://focus.aps.org/story/v9/st4. Retrieved 2006-10-21.
- ^ NEC (19 September 2003). "Tests Verify Carbon Nanotube Enable Ultra High Performance Transistor". Press release. http://www.nec.co.jp/press/en/0309/1901.html. Retrieved 2006-10-21.
- ^ Zheng, L. X.; et al. (2004). "Ultralong single-wall carbon nanotubes". Nature Materials 3: 673–676. doi:10.1038/nmat1216.
- ^ "Carbon nanotubes used in computer and TV screens". New Scientist. 21 May 2005. pp. 28. http://www.newscientisttech.com/article/mg18625006.800.
- ^ Knight, Will (15 August 2005). "Y-shaped nanotubes are ready-made transistors". New Scientist Tech. http://www.newscientisttech.com/article/dn7847. Retrieved 2006-10-21.
- ^ GE. "GE's Research Program Achieves Major Feat in Nanotechnology". Press release. http://www.ge.com/stories/en/20231.html?category=Products_Business. Retrieved 2006-10-22.
- ^ "Carbon-nanotube fabric measures up". Nanotechweb.org. 18 August 2005. http://nanotechweb.org/articles/news/4/8/13/1.
- ^ "Applied Nanotech To Produce 25-Inch Colour Carbon Nanotube TV". 30 September 2003. http://www.azonano.com/details.asp?ArticleID=19. Retrieved 2006-10-22.
- ^ "IBM takes step towards chip nanotechnology". CNN Money. 24 March 2006. http://money.cnn.com/2006/03/24/technology/ibm_semiconductor/index.htm.
Hutson, Stu (23 March 2006). "Nanotube circuit could boost chip speeds". http://www.newscientisttech.com/article/dn8888.
"Nano circuit offers big promise". 24 March 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4839088.stm.
- ^ "Optic nerve regrown with a nanofibre scaffold". 13 March 2006. http://www.newscientisttech.com/channel/tech/nanotechnology/dn8840-optic-nerve-regrown-with-a-nanofibre-scaffold-.html.
- ^ "Carbon nanotubes pinned down at last". 30 May 2006. http://www.newscientisttech.com/article/dn9241.
- ^ "Gadget sorts nanotubes by size". 27 June 2006. http://www.newscientisttech.com/article.ns?id=dn9419.
- ^ "Carbon nanotubes enter Tour de France". 7 July 2006. http://news.com.com/Carbon+nanotubes+enter+Tour+de+France/2100-11395_3-6091347.html?tag=fd_carsl.
- ^ "New virus-built battery could power cars, electronic devices". 2 April 2009. http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2009/virus-battery-0402.html.
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