Tisza

 

(tĭs'ə) , Serbian Tisa (tē'sä), Rus. Tissa or Tisa (both: tĭs'ə), Ger. Theiss (tīs), river, c.600 mi (970 km) long, formed by two headstreams in the Carpathians, W Ukraine. It flows generally S across E Hungary, past Szolnok and Szeged, into N Serbia, where it enters the Danube River E of Novi Sad. The Körös and Mureşul rivers are its chief tributaries. There are hydroelectric facilities on the river in Hungary. The Tisza is navigable for small craft to Szolnok and is also used to float timber.

"Tisa" redirects here. For other uses, see Tisa (disambiguation) and Tisza (disambiguation).

Tisza River
Romanian: Tisa Ukrainian: Тиса Slovak: Tisa Serbian: Тиса/Tisa
The Tisza in Szeged, Hungary
Countries	Ukraine, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Serbia
Length	km ( mi)
Watershed	km² ( mi²)
Source
- location	Eastern Carpathians, Ukraine
- elevation	m ( ft)
Mouth	Danube
- location	Downstream of Novisad, Serbia
Map of the Tisza and southern part of the Danube

The Tisza is one of the major rivers of Central Europe. It originates in Ukraine, with the White Tisza in the Chornohora and Black Tisza in the Gorgany range, flows partially along the Romanian border, passes through Hungary touching the border with Slovakia, and falls into the Danube in central Vojvodina in Serbia. It forms the boundary between the regions of Bačka and Banat . The Tisza drains an area of about 157,186 km².

Names for the river in the countries it flows through are:

• Romanian: Tisa
• Ukrainian: Тиса (Tysa)
• Slovak: Tisa
• Hungarian: Tisza, IPA pronunciation: [ˈtisa],(approximate pronunciation, Tee-suh)
• Serbian: Тиса (Tisa)

The river was known as the Tisia in antiquity, and Latin names for it included Tissus, Tisia, Pathissus (Pliny, Naturalis historia, 4.25). It may be referred to as the Theiss (German: Theiß) in older English references.

Regulation of the Tisza

The length of the Tisza in Hungary used to be 1419 km. It flowed through the Great Hungarian Plain, which is one of the largest flat areas in central Europe. Since plains can cause a river to flow very slowly, the Tisza used to follow a path with many curves and turns, which led to many large floods in the area.

After several small-scale attempts, István Széchenyi organised the "control of the Tisza" (Hungarian: a Tisza szabályozása) which started on August 27, 1846 and substantially ended in 1880. The new length of the river in Hungary was 966 km, with 589 km of "dead channels" and 136 km of new riverbed.

The resultant length of the flood-protected river comprises 2,940 km (out of 4,220 km of all Hungarian protected rivers) which forms one of the largest flood protection systems in Europe; larger than the Netherlands' 1,500 km, the Po River's 1,400 km, or the Loire Valley's 480 km.

"Lake Tisza"

In the 1970s the building of the Kisköre Reservoir started with the purpose of helping to control floods as well as storing water for drought seasons. It turned out, however, that the resulting Lake Tisza became one of the most popular tourist destinations in Hungary, since it had similar features to Lake Balaton at drastically cheaper prices and it was not crowded.

Navigation

The Tisza is navigable over much of its course. The river opened up for international navigation only recently; before, Hungary distinguished "national rivers" and "international rivers", indicating whether non-Hungarian vessels were allowed or not. After Hungary joined the European Union, this distinction was lifted and vessels were allowed on the Tisza.

Conditions of navigation differ with the circumstances: when the river is in flood, it is often unnavigable, just as it is at times of extreme drought. (Source: NoorderSoft Waterway Database)

Tributaries and sub-tributaries

• Mureş (in Szeged)
  • Arieş River (near Gura Arieşului)
  • Târnava (near Teiuş)
    • Târnava Mare River (in Blaj)
    • Târnava Mică River (in Blaj)
• Körös (near Csongrád)
  • Crişul Repede River (near Gyoma)
    • Barcău (in Szeghalom)
  • Crişul Alb River (near Gyula)
  • Crişul Negru River (near Gyula)
• Zagyva (in Szolnok)
• Sajó (in Tiszaújváros)
  • Hornád (near Miskolc)
• Bodrog (in Tokaj)
  • Ondava (near Cejkov)
  • Latorica (near Cejkov)
    • Laborec (near Oborin)
      • Uzh (near Pavlovce nad Uhom)
      • Cirocha (in Humenné)
    • Stara
    • Vicha
    • Kerepets
• Crasna (in Vásárosnamény)
• Someş River (near Vásárosnamény)
  • Someşul Mic River (in Dej)
    • Someşul Cald River (in Gilău)
    • Someşul Rece River (in Gilău)
  • Someşul Mare River (in Dej)
    • Şieu (in Beclean)
      • Bistriţa (near Bistriţa)
  • Săpânţa
  • Sarasău
  • Iza
    • Mara River
  • Vişeu
• Begej (near Titel)
• Čik (near Bačko Petrovo Selo)
• Jegrička (near Žabalj)

External links

• About Tisza
• The Living Tisza (Hungarian)

References

• Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti
• Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971

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Tributaries (list):	Iller · Lech · Regen · Isar · Inn · Morava · Váh  · Hron  · Ipeľ · Drava · Tisza · Sava · Timiş · Velika Morava · Jiu · Iskar · Olt · Osam · Yantra · Vedea · Argeş · Ialomiţa · Siret · Prut

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