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Titanium carbide

 
Sci-Tech Dictionary: titanium carbide
 
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(tī′tā·nē·əm ′kär′bīd)

(inorganic chemistry) TiC Very hard gray crystals insoluble in water, soluble in nitric acid and aqua regia, melts at about 3140°C; used in cermets, arc-melting electrodes, and tungsten-carbide tools.

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Wikipedia: Titanium carbide
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This article is about the physical substance the chemical formula for which is TiC. For other uses of the abbreviation, see Tic (disambiguation)
Titanium carbide
Identifiers
CAS number [12070-08-5]
PubChem 16211963
Properties
Molecular formula TiC
Molar mass 59.89 g/mol
Appearance black powder
Density 4.93 g/cm3
Melting point

3160 °C, 3433 K, 5720 °F
Boiling point

4820 °C, 5093 K, 8708 °F
Solubility in water insoluble in water
Structure
Crystal structure Cubic, cF8
Space group Fm3m, No. 225
Coordination
geometry		 Octahedral
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
Infobox references

Titanium carbide, TiC, is an extremely hard (Mohs 9-9.5) refractory ceramic material, similar to tungsten carbide.

It is commercially used in tool bits. It has the appearance of black powder with NaCl-type face centered cubic crystal structure. It is mainly used in preparation of cermets, which are frequently used to machine steel materials at high cutting speed.

The resistance to wear, corrosion, and oxidation of a tungsten carbide-cobalt material can be increased by adding 6-30% of titanium carbide to tungsten carbide. This forms a solid solution that is more brittle and susceptible to breakage than the original material.

Tool bits without tungsten content can be made of titanium carbide in nickel-cobalt matrix cermet, enhancing the cutting speed, precision, and smoothness of the workpiece. This material is sometimes called high-tech ceramics and is used as a heat shield for atmospheric reentry of spacecraft. The substance may be also polished and used in scratch-proof watches.

It can be etched with reactive-ion etching.

The mineralogical form is very rare and called khamrabaevite - (Ti,V,Fe)C.

Titanium-carbon clusters

A surprisingly stable cluster with formula Ti8C12+, was detected in 1992.[1][2] The 20 atoms were conjectured to be arranged as the vertices of a dodecahedron, with the titanium atoms at the corners of a cube [1] However, this claim was soon disputed by Linus Pauling[3] who proposed an alternative arrangement — with the Ti atoms still at the corners of a cube, but with the carbon atoms pushed inwards so as to be nearly coplanar with the faces of that cube.

References

  1. ^ a b Guo, Bc; Kerns, Kp; Castleman, Aw, Jr (Mar 1992). "Ti8C12+-Metallo-Carbohedrenes: A New Class of Molecular Clusters?". Science (New York, N.Y.) 255 (5050): 1411–1413. doi:10.1126/science.255.5050.1411. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17801229. 
  2. ^ Guo, Bc; Wei, S; Purnell, J; Buzza, S; Castleman, Aw, Jr (Apr 1992). "Metallo-Carbohedrenes M8C12+ (M = V, Zr, Hf, and Ti): A Class of Stable Molecular Cluster Ions". Science (New York, N.Y.) 256 (5056): 515–516. doi:10.1126/science.256.5056.515. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 17787948. 
  3. ^ L Pauling (1992). "Molecular structure of Ti8C12 and related complexes". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89: 8175. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.17.8175. http://www.pnas.org/content/89/17/8175.full.pdf+html. 


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