Topology

Topology is a branch of mathematics concerned with spatial properties preserved under bicontinuous deformation (stretching without tearing or gluing); these properties are the topological invariants.

Topology may also refer to:

• Topology, the collection of open sets used to define a topological space
• Topology (journal), a mathematical journal, with an emphasis on subject areas related to topology and geometry
• Topology, a term used in architecture to describe spatial effects which cannot be described by topography, i.e., social, economical, spatial or phenomenological interactions
• Topology (electronics), a configuration of electronic components.
• Network topology, a term used to describe configurations of computer networks
• Topology (musical ensemble), an Australian post-classical quintet
• Geospatial topology is the study or science of places with applications in earth science, geography, human geography, and geomorphology.
  • In geographic information systems and their data structures, the terms "topology" and "planar enforcement" are used to indicate that the border line between two neighboring areas (and the border point between two connecting lines) is stored only once. Thus, any rounding errors might move the border, but will not lead to gaps or overlaps between the areas.
  • Also in cartography, a topological map is a much simplified map that preserves the mathematical topology while sacrificing scale and shape
  • Topology is often confused with the geographic meaning of topography (originally the study of places). The confusion may be a factor in topographies having become confused with terrain or relief, such that they are essentially synonymous.
• In phylogenetics, the branching pattern of a phylogenetic tree.
• Topologilinux, a Linux distribution

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