Torre del Greco

Torre del Greco
—  Comune  —
Comune di Torre del Greco
Panorama of Torre del Greco
Coat of arms
Torre del Greco Location of Torre del Greco in Italy
Coordinates: 40°47′N 14°22′E / 40.783°N 14.367°E / 40.783; 14.367Coordinates: 40°47′N 14°22′E / 40.783°N 14.367°E / 40.783; 14.367
Country	Italy
Region	Campania
Province	Naples (NA)
Frazioni	Leopardi, Santa Maria la Bruna
Government
- Mayor	Ciro Borriello
Area
- Total	30.7 km2 (11.9 sq mi)
Population (30 April 2009)
- Total	87,575
- Density	2,852.6/km2 (7,388.2/sq mi)
- Demonym	Torresi or Corallini
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
- Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	80059, 80040
Dialing code	081
Patron saint	St. Januarius
Saint day	September 19
Website	Official website

Torre del Greco (English: "Tower of the Greek") is a town and comune in the Province of Naples in the Italian region of Campania, with a population of some 88,000 as of 2007. The people are sometimes called Corallini because of the plentiful coral in the nearby sea, and because the city has been a major producer of coral jewellery and cameo brooches since the seventeenth century.

History

Ancient and Medieval Period

In Roman times, Torre del Greco was probably a suburb of Herculaneum, characterized by patricians villas. After the 79 AD eruption of Mount Vesuvius which destroyed the area, two villages are known to have existed in the area, Sora and Calastro. The Byzantine general Belisarius moved their inhabitants to Naples in 535. Around 700, it is known a toponym Turris Octava, probably referred to a coastal watch tower.

In 880 the territory was settled by the Saracens, with the permission of Bishop Athanasius of Naples. The current name appears for the first time in 1015; according to tradition, it stems from a Greek hermit who took up residence in the tower, or from the cultivation of a particular vine from Greece.

The Middle Ages

Torre del Greco was part of the royal estates of the Kingdom of Naples, until King Alfonso V of Aragon ceded it to the Carafa family.

In 1631 Torre del Greco was again damaged by an eruption of Vesuvius. Its citizens bought back their rights in 1699, after paying 106,000 ducats to their landord, the Marquis of Monforte, and thenceforth the city flourished as a maritime trading and fishing port. The tradition of coral crafting dates from this time.

The historical center of Torre del Greco was buried under a 10 m-deep layer of lava in 1794.

19th and Early 20th Century

At the time of the French rule of Joachim Murat, Torre del Greco, with 18,000 inhabitants, was the third largest mainland city in the Kingdom of Naples after Naples and Foggia.

Starting in the 16th century, wealthy families and even Italian nobility built elaborate summer palaces on the outskirts of the town, among the most notable of these is the Palazzo Materazzo, renovated in the 1970s as a dance school, but later taken over by squatters after a 1980 earthquake destroyed the homes of many of the poorer residents. In the 19th century, and continuing into the early 20th century, Torre Del Greco was a popular summer resort for wealthy Italians.

In its heyday Torre Del Greco was renowned for its cafes and eateries, particularly the "Gran Cafe Palumbo", a large Art Nouveau cafe with an extensive outdoor pavilion known for its gelato (ice cream), pastries, food and coffee. The famous Italian comedian Toto, was among those who made Torre Del Greco their annual summer retreat. The reason for Torre Del Greco's popularity as a resort town was its fine beaches and the rural setting of lush farmlands and vinyards, as well as its close proximity to Mount Vesuvius. As the town nearest to the volcano, Torre Del Greco was the main starting point for tourists wishing to scale the mountain. This was facilitated by a funicular railway which took tourists to the crater from the town.

During World War II, the city was used as an ammunition depot by the German Army, and consequently suffered heavy bombing by Allied forces.

After World War II

After the war, tourism swiftly declined, and with the increase automobile use the funicular railway fell into disuse, thus effectively removing one of the main reasons for visiting the town. In addition, from the 1950s onwards, massive development, urbanization and population increase stripped the city of its "rural" atmosphere, contributing to the move of tourists on to Sorrento and the Amalfi Coast. Few now recall the Golden Age of Torre Del Greco as a tourist destination. Nonetheless, coral art and jewellery remains a mainstay of the city's economy.

Geography

Climate

Torre del Greco experiences a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa).

Main sights

• Roman archaeological remains, including the so-called "Villa Sora" (1st century AD), probably a property of the Flavians.
• Monastery of the Zoccolanti, with a cloister housing 28 frescoed panels depicting the life of St. Francis of Assisi.
• Parish church of Santa Croce, whose Baroque bell tower was buried by lava in 1794.
• 17th century church of San Michele.
• Villa delle Ginestre, where the poet Giacomo Leopardi sojourned.
• Museum of Coral.

Torre del Greco near Pompeii, Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov, 1846.

Cameos and Coral Jewellery

Diving for coral has taken place in the Mediterranean Sea ever since Roman times, and in the 15th century Torre del Greco became known for its coral diving and harvesting of red coral. However, It was not until the 17th century that the first cameos were produced, and not until 1815 that a unique manufacturing contract was granted to the town by the King of Naples for a period of 10 years.

At present there are several hundred companies and several 1,000 people employed in the manufacture of coral and shell cameos. Coral is now mainly imported from Asia, since increasingly areas in the Mediterranean are becoming protected. The total industry is estimated to have a turnover of around US $ 225 million.

Notable people

• Salvatore Accardo, violinista e direttore d'orchestra
• Francesco Albanese, tenore
• Ruggero Bonghi, filologo e politico italiano
• Gennaro Borriello, vicedesignatore degli arbitri di serie A
• Rita Bottiglieri, ex atleta di pentathlon
• Ruggero Cappuccio, autore e regista di teatro e di cinema
• Vincenzo Ciaravolo, marinaio, medaglia d'oro al valor militare
• Salvatore Commesso, ciclista
• Ermanno Corsi , giornalista e scrittore
• Gino D'Acampo -chef
• Nicolas De Corsi, pittore
• Giovanni Di Cristo, judoka della nazionale italiana di judo
• Enrico de Nicola, primo Presidente della Repubblica Italiana
• Maria Di Donna, cantante dei 99 Posse
• Barbara D'Urso, presentatrice tv italiana.
• Mauro Esposito, calciatore dell'A.S. Roma e della nazionale italiana
• Aniello Formisano, senatore della Repubblica italiana
• Gennaro Francione, giudice e romanziere
• Salvatore Garofalo, biblista
• Giulio Golia presentatore
• Mimmo Liguoro, giornalista
• Ernesto Mahieux, attore
• Adolfo Margiotta, comico
• Aniello Mazza, arbitro di calcio della serie A
• Antonio Onorato, chitarrista e compositore
• Carlo Parlati, scultore
• Valeria Parrella, scrittrice
• Massimo Rastelli, calciatore
• Arturo Scotto, deputato
• Francesco Vitiello, attore
• Gennaro Vitiello , regista e attore teatrale
• Nicola Antonio Zingarelli, compositore
• Giovanni Noto, incisore
• Gennaro d'Auria, cartomante

References

External links

In English

• Review of Torre del Greco's history and the cameo industry

In Italian

• Official site of the city (Italian)
• torreweb.it (Italian)
• Torrese dictionary and grammar (Italian)

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