Tourettism refers to the presence of Tourette-like symptoms in the absence of Tourette syndrome, as the result of other diseases or conditions, known as "secondary causes".
Tourette syndrome (TS) is an inherited neurological condition of multiple motor and at least one vocal tic. Although Tourette syndrome is the most common cause of tic disorders,[1] other sporadic, genetic, and neurodegenerative disorders may also exhibit tics.[2]
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Tic mimickers
Genetic/chromosomal
- Chromosomal abnormalities
- Citrullinemia
- Down syndrome
- Duchenne muscular dystrophy
- Fragile X syndrome
- Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome
- Huntington's disease
- Klinefelter's syndrome
- Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
- Neuroacanthocytosis
- Neurodegeneration
- Phenylketonuria
- Schizophrenia
- Tuberous sclerosis
- Wilson disease
- XYY syndrome
Infectious or post-infectious
Developmental
- Pervasive developmental disorders
- Mental retardation
- Static encephalopathy
- Stereotypic movement disorder
Toxins/insults/acquired
- Carbon monoxide poisoning
- Cerebral palsy
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
- Fetal alcohol syndrome
- Head trauma
- Hypoglycemia
- Intrauterine exposure to illicit drugs
- Intrauterine infections
- Mercury
- Neurocutaneous syndromes
- Neurosyphilis
- Perinatal asphyxia
- Stroke
- Wasp venom
Drugs
- Levodopa (Dopar, Larodopa)
- Carbamazepine (Atretol, Epitol, Tegretol)
- Lamotrigine (Lamictal)
- Phenytoin (Dilantin)
- Phenobarbital
- Antipsychotics (e.g.; haloperidol)[3][4]
See also
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Notes
- ^ Jankovic J, Mejia NI. Tics associated with other disorders. Adv Neurol. 2006;99:61-8. PMID 16536352
- ^ Mejia NI, Jankovic J. Secondary tics and tourettism. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2005;27(1):11-17. PMID 15867978 Full-text PDF
- ^ Bharucha KJ, Sethi KD. "Tardive tourettism after exposure to neuroleptic therapy." Mov Disord. 1995 Nov;10(6):791-3. PMID 8749999
- ^ eMedicine article on Tardive dyskinesia Full article
References
- Bagheri M, Kerbeshian J, Burd L (1999). "Recognition and management of Tourette's syndrome and tic disorders". Am Fam Physician 59 (8): 2263–72, 2274. PMID 10221310. Full text
- Black, Kevin J. Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders. eMedicine.com March 22, 2006.
- Evidente, GH. "Is it a tic or Tourette's? Clues for differentiating simple from more complex tic disorders." PostGraduate Medicine Online. October 2000 108:5.
- Jankovic J, Mejia NI. Tics associated with other disorders. Adv Neurol. 2006;99:61-8. PMID 16536352
- Mejia NI, Jankovic J. Secondary tics and tourettism. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2005;27(1):11-17. PMID 15867978 Full-text PDF
- eMedicine article on Tardive dyskinesia Full article
External links
Erer S, Jankovic J. "Adult onset tics after peripheral injury." Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2007 Feb 8; PMID 17292653
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