A rapid-acting parasympatholytic agent used topically as a mydriatic for ophthalmoscopic examination.
Tropicamide
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
| N-ethyl-3-hydroxy-2-phenyl-N- (pyridin-4-ylmethyl) propanamide | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | 1508-75-4 |
| ATC code | S01FA06 |
| PubChem | 5593 |
| DrugBank | APRD00287 |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C17H20N2O2 |
| Mol. mass | 284.353 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | ? |
| Protein binding | 45% |
| Metabolism | ? |
| Half life | ? |
| Excretion | ? |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
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| Legal status | |
| Routes | ? |
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Tropicamide (troe-PIK-a-mide) is a muscarinic acetylcholine receptor blocker. It is also sold under the brand name Mydriacyl.
Uses
Tropicamide is a parasympatholytic that produces short acting mydriasis (dilation of the pupil) and cycloplegia[1] when applied as eye drops. It is used to allow better examination of the lens, vitreous humor, and retina. Due to its relatively short duration of effect (4–8 hours), it is typically used during eye examinations such as the dilated fundus examination, but it may also be used before or after eye surgery. Cycloplegic drops are often also used to treat anterior uveitis, decreasing risk of posterior synechiae and decreasing inflammation in the anterior chamber of the eye.
Tropicamide is occasionally administered in combination with p-hydroxyamphetamine (brand name Paremyd), which is a sympathomimetic. The used of the sympathomimetic drug causes the iris dilator muscle to be directly stimulated, causing increased dilation. In the United States, the sympathomimetic drop most commonly used along with Tropicamide, is 2.5% Phenylephrine Hydrochloride (brand name AK-Dilate).
 Right eye was instilled by tropicamide, producing anisocoria (unequal pupil size). It is mydriatic (dilated) compared to the left eye. |
 Right eye half an hour after administration of tropicamide. Note the red retina. |
Side effects
Systemic side effects are very rare. Tropicamide is often preferred to atropine because atropine has a longer half-life, causing prolonged dilation and blurry vision for up to a week. Atropine has less sting effect, but can be toxic or fatal if ingested in large quantities by children or adults.
References
- ^ Manny RE, Hussein M, Scheiman M, Kurtz D, Niemann K, Zinzer K (July 2001). "Tropicamide (1%): an effective cycloplegic agent for myopic children". Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 42 (8): 1728–35. PMID 11431435. http://www.iovs.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=11431435.
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 | Cyclopentolate |
| Homatropine |
| List of drugs: Trj-Tz |
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 | Veterinary Dictionary. Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary 3rd Edition. Copyright © 2007 by D.C. Blood, V.P. Studdert and C.C. Gay, Elsevier. All rights reserved. Read more |
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| Wikipedia. This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Tropicamide". Read more |
