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A city of western Russia south of Moscow. First mentioned in 1146, it was an important fortress in the 16th century and became an armament-manufacturing center in 1712. Population: 466,000.
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Capital of the Toltec state (Tollán), founded on the site of an existing settlement by the priest-ruler Topiltzin c.ad 960. The city flourished and by ad 1000 had expanded to cover 11 square kilometres with a population of perhaps 50 000.
The focus of the ceremonial centre within the site is the Temple of Quetzalcóatl which contains six Atlantean statues. Each nearly 5m tall, they support the roof.
Tula was destroyed in the mid 12th century ad, probably by Chichimec groups.
[Sum.: R. A. Diehl, 1983, Tula: The Toltec capital of central Mexico. London: Thames & Hudson]
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