Tulip Era in the Ottoman Empire
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History of the
Ottoman Empire |
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| Period (Eras): | ||
| Rise (1299–1453): Interregnum | ||
| Growth (1453–1683) : | ||
| Stagnation (1683–1827): Köprülü Era - Sultanate of women - Tulip Era |
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| Decline (1828–1908): Tanzimat era - 1stConstitutional Era |
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| Dissolution (1908–1922): 2ndConstitutional Era |
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Tulip Era (Ottoman Turkish: لاله دورى, Turkish Lâle Devri) has been the traditional name for a period in Ottoman history lasting from 1718 to 1730, a relatively peaceful period in which the Ottoman Empire has been said to have begun to orient itself towards Europe. The name of the period derives from the tulip craze among the Ottoman court society, whereby in early 20th century historiography, starting with the works of Ahmet Refik, the period came to be identified over the tulip. Nevşehirli Damat İbrahim Pasha was the Grand Vizier of the Empire, and the period is delineated over his vezirate (1718-30) rather than the sultanate of Ahmet III. The end of the "Tulip Period" was marked by an uprising led by Patrona Halil in 1730.
The period saw the capital's expansion on the Bosporus, where the wealthier began to increasingly built alternative residences (yalis) outside the crowded walled city. While traditionally linked to the beginning of Westernization of Ottoman culture, more recent studies have called the so-called Tulip Era rather a period of revivalism, orienting itself towards both the "classical" 16th century and Safavid Persia. The Ottoman tradition of miniature albums is revived with the work of the outstanding miniature painter Levni - probably a Greek named Leon from Thessaloniki, who began to work for the court already in Edirne, where he was trained by Musavvir Huseyin - and also an attempt to revive the Ottoman tradition of ceramics, after the decline of production in Iznik, is made with the establishment of new workshops in Istanbul. In poetry, the poet Nedim breaks new ground by challenging the traditional canon while writing in a classical Ottoman format, and without hiding his inclinations toward homosexual love and consumption of alcohol in his work. Also the establishment of the first Ottoman printing press by the Hungarian convert Ibrahim Mutefferika is a landmark of the period.
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