Underground hydrogen storage is the practice of hydrogen storage in underground caverns[1], salt domes and depleted oil/gas fields. Large quantities of gaseous hydrogen are stored in underground caverns by ICI since many years without any difficulties[2]. The storage of large quantities of hydrogen underground in solution-mined salt domes[3], aquifers[4] or excavated rock caverns or mines can function as grid energy storage which is essential for the hydrogen economy[5]. By using a turboexpander the electricity needs for compressed storage on 200 bar amounts to 2.1% of the energy content[6].
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ConocoPhillips Clemens Terminal
The ConocoPhillips Clemens Terminal in Texas stores the hydrogen since the 80's in a solution-mined salt cavern with the cavern roof ~2800 ft underground. The cavern is a cylinder with a diameter of 160 ft, a height of 1000 ft and a usable hydrogen capacity of 1066 million standard cubic feet (MMSCF), or 2520 metric tons[7].
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