Constitutional Union party

A political party organized in Baltimore in May 1860 by the Whig and Know Nothing parties. The Constitutional Union party criticized sectional politics and was supported by states in the middle of the United States along the North/South division. It was believed that this part of the country would become the main battleground in a civil war.

See the Introduction, Abbreviations and Pronunciation for further details.

Late in 1859, with growing dissatisfaction in the southern states over excessive protective tariffs and failures to enforce fugitive slave laws, old-line Whigs and members of the American (Know-Nothing) Party, alarmed at excesses of partisanship and sectionalism and fearing secession, formed a new party under the leadership of Kentucky Senator John J. Crittenden. Meeting in convention on 9 May 1860 in Baltimore, delegates chose John Bell of Tennessee and Edward Everett of Massachusetts as candidates for president and vice president. Affection for the Union was reflected in the meager platform, which disregarded sectional issues and sought to rally moderate men to support "the Constitution, the Union and the Laws." Bell trailed the Republican candidate, Abraham Lincoln, and the two Democratic nominees, Stephen A. Douglas and John C. Breckinridge. He obtained 591,658 popular votes (12.6 percent of the total) and carried the states of Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee with their thirty-nine electoral votes. The party there by temporarily disrupted the secession movement, and perhaps contributed later to keeping Kentucky in the Union. In the ensuing months, party leaders called for reconciliation of the sections through compromise, but without success. With the coming of the Civil War, the party dissolved.

Bibliography

Rhodes, James F. History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the Final Restoration of Home Rule at the South in 1877. Reprint of the 1892–1919 edition. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1967.

—Allen E. Ragan

The noun has one meaning:

Meaning #1: a former political party in the United States; formed in 1859 by former Whigs who hoped to preserve the Union

There have been at least three political parties named the Constitutional Union Party.

• The Constitutional Union Party (United States) was a party that was active in the United States on a national level in 1860. The first Constitutional Union Party (Georgia, United States) was formed in Georgia in 1850 in that state's efforts to galvanize the state and the American South's support of the Compromise of 1850.
• The Constitutional Union (Morocco) is a liberal conservative political party in Morocco.

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