View of several UPMC buildings in the Oakland section of Pittsburgh. The building at center with the cupola and flag is the main hospital, UPMC Presbyterian
The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) is an $8 billion integrated global nonprofit health enterprise that has 50,000 employees, 20 hospitals, 400 outpatient sites and doctors’ offices, a 1.3 million-member health insurance division, as well as commercial and international ventures.[1] UPMC is closely affiliated with its academic partner, the University of Pittsburgh,[2] and is considered to be a leading American health care provider as it has been consistently ranked in U.S. News & World Report's "Honor Roll" of the approximately 15 to 20 best hospitals in America in ten of the last eleven years.[3] As of 2009, UPMC ranked 13th among the best hospitals by U.S. News & World Report and was ranked in 13 of 16 specialty areas, including seven specialties for which UPMC is in the top 10.[4]
History
UPMC has its roots in the establishment of Presbyterian Hospital, which now serves as its flagship medical facility, in 1893[5][6] and the founding of the Western Pennsylvania Medical College established in 1886. The medical college quickly became affiliated with the Western University of Pennsylvania in 1892, and fully integrated into the University, newly renamed to the University of Pittsburgh, in 1908.[7][8] As early as the 1920s, the University of Pittsburgh and its School of Medicine had worked out informal agreements with a number of hospitals for teaching and staffing privileges.[9] In desiring to establish a medical center, the University lured Presbyterian Hospital from its North Side location to the Oakland neighborhood to which the school had itself relocated in 1909. The University provided Presbyterian a tract of land adjacent to its campus for construction of a new hospital that began in 1930 and subsequently opened in 1938.[6] By the end of the 1930s, the University of Pittsburgh had helped to form the beginnings of an academic medical center by establishing the "University Medical Center" which included Falk Clinic, Children's, Eye and Ear, Libby Steele Magee, Presbyterian General, and Women's Hospital, as well as the planned Municipal Hospital.[10][11][12][13] In 1949, a new affiliation agreement between the University and Presbyterian Hospital established a new three-tiered mission of patient care, research, and education and by 1951, the hospital name changed to Presbyterian University Hospital, reflecting its close ties with the University of Pittsburgh.[6] Through the years, the University and the hospitals moved toward an ever-tightening alliance and in 1965, the University, along with Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic which was managed by the School of Medicine, along with Presbyterian-University, Magee and Women's, Eye and Ear, and Children's Hospitals incorporated the University Health Center of Pittsburgh (UHCP). In 1969, Montefiore Hospital joined UHCP.[9]
Eye and Ear, Presbyterian, and Women's Hospitals circa 1943
Beginning in 1986, members of the University Health Center including Presbyterian University Hospital, Falk Clinic, the Pittsburgh Cancer Institute and Eye & Ear Hospital began to consolidate. The consolidated group, re-termed the Medical and Health Care Division (MHCD), was then closely linked administratively, although Presbyterian University Hospital remained a separate entity.[14] In 1990, MHCD acquired neighboring Montefiore Hospital merging it with Presbyterian University Hospital to form the entity renamed to the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (shortened to UPMC) and was the first time the name was used.[14] UPMC then began to form a network of affiliated specialty and community hospitals in 1994 termed Tri-State Health System and established a for-profit health insurance division (UPMC Health Plan) which contracted with these hospitals.[15] In 1996, UPMC had moved to acquire South Side, Aliquippa and Braddock hospitals and several of the affiliated hospitals began merging with UPMC including St. Margaret Memorial, Shadyside, and Passavant hospitals in 1997 and Magee-Womens Hospital in 1998.[15] The acquisition and mergers of hospitals morphed the Tri-State Health System into a consolidation of hospitals that currently makes up a significant portion of the UPMC health system. Due to its immense growth of the medical center, as well as the University's concerns regarding the financial risks associated with its faculty practice plans in the face of national changes in health care reimbursements, the University of Pittsburgh and UPMC restructured their relationship and legally separated in 1998 thereby launching UPMC as an independent nonprofit corporation.[16] The University consolidated its physicians' practice plans and transferred them, as well as their hospital management functions to UPMC, with UPMC providing ongoing financial support to the University and its academic missions. The result was a mutually exclusive partnership of close affiliation formalized by a series of interrelated agreements and mutual executive oversights, which includes the sharing of numerous board members.[16] This created a collaborative and coordinated decision-making model in which UPMC oversees all clinical activity, while the University of Pittsburgh remains the guardian of all academic priorities, particularly faculty-based research.[15]
Expansion of UPMC continued in 2001 as Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh began merging with UPMC.[5] Since then, UPMC's growth has continued, including a merger with Mercy Hospital in 2008, the opening of new Children's Hospital facilities in 2009, and the continued expansion of overseas operations and for-profit business ventures. UPMC now operates approximately 20 academic, community, and specialty hospitals in Western Pennsylvania, as well as 400 outpatient sites, more than 50 facilities for physical, occupational, speech and specialty therapies, and 14 retirement and long-term care site, along with its international and for-profit ventures.[17]
Among the more renown individuals who have worked with the University of Pittsburgh's medical center through its history are Jonas Salk who developed the polio vaccine while at the university, and Thomas Starzl who perfected transplant surgeries there. It has also provided care to many celebrities, including Pennsylvania two-term governor and 1996 Presidential candidate Robert P. Casey for cancer, 10,000 Maniacs guitarist and founder Robert Buck for liver disease and Pittsburgh Mayor Bob O'Connor for lymphoma.
Operations
The administrative headquarters for UPMC are located at the top of the
U.S. Steel Tower, Pittsburgh's tallest building
Administratively headquartered in the top five floors of the U.S. Steel Tower in Pittsburgh's Central Business District, UPMC operates as a complete and integrated health provider system that, although is legally separate from the University of Pittsburgh, remains closely affiliated with the university and its Schools of the Health Sciences including the existence of mutual board memberships and subsidization of the university's academic programs.[2] Under a collaborative and coordinated decision-making model, UPMC oversees all clinical activity, including a consolidated physicians' practice plan consisting of university faculty, while the University of Pittsburgh remains the guardian of all academic priorities, particularly faculty-based research.[16] UPMC is composed of three major operating components: Provider Services, Insurance Services, and International and Commercial Services.[18] The later two divisions include the for-profit health insurance company (UPMC Health Plan) and a for-profit International and Commercial Services Division that seeks to bring health care, management, and technologies to market throughout the world. UPMC is Western Pennsylvania's largest employer, and second in the state only to Wal-Mart.[5]
Provider Services Division
UPMC's Provider Services consists of an array of clinical capabilities that includes hospitals, specialty service lines (including transplantation, behavioral health, cancer care, children's health, women's health, and rehabilitation services among other centers, institutes, and services), contract services (emergency medicine, pharmacy, and laboratory), supporting foundations, captive insurance programs, and more than 2,700 employed physicians with associated practices. Hospital activity is categorized in four distinct groups: 1) academic hospitals that provide comprehensive clinical services and specialty services and that are the primary academic and teaching centers; 2) community hospitals that provide core clinical services to suburban populations; 3) regional hospitals that provide clinical core services to broader areas of the Western Pennsylvania region; and 4) pre- and post-acute care capabilities that include a network of home health services (UPMC HomeCare) and a network of senior living facilities (UPMC Senior Communities).[18][19]
Insurance Services Division
UPMC Insurance Services, operating under the umbrella UPMC Health Plan brand, was founded in 1998 and includes various for-profit and non-profit health care financing initiatives.[20] The integrated products of the UPMC Insurance Services Division include UPMC Health Plan (HMO), UPMC Health Network (PPO), UPMC Work Partners (workers' compensation and disability for employers), UPMC for Life (Medicare products), UPMC for You (HMO for Medical Assistance beneficiaries), and Community Care Behavioral Health Organization (a non-profit behavioral health PPO for Medical Assistance beneficiaries).[18][21] These products combine to offer a full range of HMOs, PPOs, and EPOs for group health insurance, Medicare, CHIP, Medical Assistance, behavioral health, employee assistance, and workers' compensation products and services. UPMC also offers offers consumer-directed health plans like health savings accounts and health reimbursement arrangements.[20] UPMC's provider networks total more than 80 hospitals and more than 7,500 physicians in a 29-county region,and has over 1.4 million members making it the second-largest insurer in Western Pennsylvania.[22] It is also ranked as one of the top commercial health plans in the United States according to U.S. News & World Report.[23] Also included in the Health Services Division are LifeSolutions, an employee assistance program; EBenefits Solutions, a web-based human resources consulting and benefits administration services; and Askesis Developing Group, a software development group for behavioral health care.[22]
International and Commercial Services Division
UPMC's International and Commercial Services Division (ICSD) actively manages UPMC's for-profit companies that seek to commercializes its expertise in health care, advanced technologies, and management skills to global markets. Its stated goal is "to advance UPMC’s mission of positively transforming the way health care is provided in the U.S. and abroad, while revitalizing the economy of western Pennsylvania."[24] ICSD comprises operations in five areas: clinical services management, infrastructure consultation (with collaborations with companies such as dbMotion), strategic and commercial product development partnerships with companies such as IBM and Alcatel-Lucent, translational services, and national security and public health which includes UPMC's Center for Biosecurity that is dedicated to improving the country’s resilience to major biological threats.[25][26]
Facilities
Sunset over UPMC's facilities in
Oakland
UPMC currently operates approximately 20 academic, community, and specialty hospitals, as well as 400 outpatient sites, more than 50 facilities for physical, occupational, speech and specialty therapies, and 14 retirement and long-term care site.[17]
Tertiary hospitals
These following tertiary facilities represent the core of UPMC's academic, teaching, trauma, specialty and research-related hospitals.
UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside
UPMC's flagship medical entity is UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside which includes UPMC Presbyterian and the physically conjoined UPMC Ear & Eye and UPMC Montefiore hospitals located in the midst of the University of Pittsburgh's campus in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh. It also encompasses UPMC Shadyside, which includes the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute in the UPMC Hillman Cancer Center. These facilities are located approximately 1.5 miles from the Oakland-based hospitals in the adjacent neighborhood of Shadyside. Also part of UPMC Presbyterian Shadyside is the UPMC Sports Performance Complex, located less than 2 miles from the Oakland-based facilities on Pittsburgh's South Side.
UPMC Presbyterian
UPMC Presbyterian is the historical and academic center of UPMC and is physically attached to primary facility of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Scaife Hall. Located in Oakland, the hospital has 1,602 beds and includes a Level I Trauma Center. Specialties include organ transplantation, cardiology, trauma, and neurosurgery. The School of Medicine uses UPMC Presbyterian for research and graduate programs.[27][28]
UPMC Shadyside
UPMC Shadyside is part of UPMC's flagship medical entity and is located in Pittsburgh's Shadyside neighborhood, with 517 beds and more than 600 primary care physicians.[29] UPMC Shadyside is home to the Hillman Cancer Center, home of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute.
UPMC Eye & Ear Institute
UPMC Eye & Ear Institute is located in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh and is conjoined with the medical complex housing UPMC Presbyterian, UPMC Montefiore, the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, and associated medical research towers. UPMC Ear & Eye Institute is one of a few centers in the nation dedicated entirely to the management of problems related to otolaryngology and ophthalmology
UPMC Montefiore
UPMC Montefiore, part of UPMC Prebyterian, was founded as Montefiore Hospital in 1908 by the Ladies Hospital Aid Society as a hospital for Jewish physicians and patients. Montefiore Hospital affiliated with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine in 1957 and joined UPMC in 1990. It is the home to the clinical transplantation facilities originally headed by transplant pioneer Thomas Starzl and is physically connected to UPMC Presbyterian and UPMC Eye and Ear by a series of pedestrian bridges.
UPMC Mercy
UPMC Mercy is a teaching and Level 1 trauma hospital located in the Bluff neighborhood adjacent to downtown and less than two miles from from UPMC Presbyterian in Oakland. Mercy was the first chartered hospital in the city of Pittsburgh and was first hospital in the world to have been established by the Sisters of Mercy. Mercy has retained its affiliation with the Catholic Church following its merger with UPMC in January 2008.
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC
The new facility for Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC opened May 2nd, 2009
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC is a specialty hospital of UPMC, specializing in pediatrics and is located two and a half miles from UPMC Presbyterian in the Lawrenceville neighborhood of Pittsburgh. Originally located adjacent to UPMC Presbyterian in Oakland, it is one of four children's hospitals in the state, and its emergency department is one of only two Level I Pediatric Trauma Centers. More than 500,000 infants, children, and adolescents make trips to the hospital every year.[30]
Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC boasts 1.5 million square feet and has 296 beds, with a 41-bed emergency department and a 36-bed pediatric intensive care unit.[31] A ten-story research center was constructed, with seven out of the ten floors dedicated to pediatric medical research.[32][33]
Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC
Magee Womens Hospital of UPMC
Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC is a UPMC specialty hospital, mainly for women; however some services at the hospital are now available for men. The hospital is located in the Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh nearby UPMC Presbyterian and is equipped with 287 beds. 10,000 births are performed at Magee each year, which accounts for 45 percent of all births in Allegheny County.[34]
Western Psychiatric Institute & Clinic
Western Psychiatric Institute & Clinic (WPIC) is the Western Pennsylvania's largest psychiatric facility. Also serving as a clinical research center and home to the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine's Department of Psychiatry, it is located in Thomas Detre Hall in the Oakland section of Pittsburgh and is connected to UPMC Presbyterian by an underground tunnel.
UPMC operates the following community hospitals dedicated to specific missions within their particular communities.
- UPMC Bedford Memorial, located in Everett, Pennsylvania.
- UPMC Braddock, Located in Braddock, Pennsylvania. Has 2 Psychiatric Wards, Inpatient Detox, Cardiac Care, Progressive Care for Seniors. Scheduled to be closed January 31, 2010.[35][36]
- UPMC East, a $258 million full-service hospital under construction in Monroeville, Pennsylvania which is scheduled to be completed in 2012.[37]
- UPMC Horizon, which consists of the Greenville and Shenango Valley campuses
- UPMC McKeesport, located in McKeesport, Pennsylvania.
- UPMC Northwest, located in Seneca, Pennsylvania.
- UPMC Passavant, which consists of campuses in McCandless and Cranberry
- UPMC St. Margaret, located in Pittsburgh.
International hospitals and facilities
Internationally, UPMC operates a transplant hospital in Italy (ISMETT), two cancer centers and Beacon Hospital in Ireland, and an emergency medical system in Qatar. UPMC is also implementing information technology solutions and assisting with the development of cancer centers in the United Kingdom, will manage a newly created health care center in Cyprus, and, with the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, is implementing a U.S.-style resident training program in Japan.[38][39] In addition, UPMC announced a partnership with GE Healthcare in November 2008 to open 25 additional cancer treatment centers across Europe and the Middle East over the next ten years.[40][41]
UPMC Beacon Hospital
UPMC Beacon Hospital is privately owned full-service hospital located in the Sandyford suburb of Dublin, Ireland. Beacon's nine-story, 238,000 square foot facility includes 183-beds.[42] UPMC began managing the hospital in 2008 and took majority ownership in 2009.[43][44]
ISMETT
The Mediterranean Institute for Transplantation and Advanced Specialized Therapies (Istituto Mediterraneo per i Trapianti e Terapie ad Alta Specializzazione, or ISMETT) is located in Palermo, Italy, and serves the region of Sicily and the Mediterranean as a hospital designed exclusively transplants and treatment of end-stage organ failure. ISMETT is a joint public-private partnership between the Region of Sicily, through Civico and Cervello hospitals in Palermo, and UPMC, which manages and operates the facility.[45] It is also a center for research in regenerative medicine and various international collaborations including the University of Pittsburgh's and UPMC's McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine.[46]
Other major facilities
Hillman Cancer Center
The Hillman Cancer Center is the home of the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, a National Cancer Institute designated cancer center and UPMC Cancer Centers. Hillman Cancer Center serves as the flagship treatment and research facility of the UPMC Cancer Centers network. The center is located in the Shadyside neighborhood of Pittsburgh and is connected to UPMC Shadyside via a pedestrian bridge.
UPMC Sports Performance Complex
The UPMC Sports Performance Complex is a multipurpose, multisport training, sports science, and sports medical complex located along the shore of the Monongahela River in Pittsburgh and is unique in that it combines training facilities for the University of Pittsburgh football team and the Pittsburgh Steelers NFL team in one location with an academically based sports science and medicine program.[47] The complex consists of four centers which include the Center for Sports Medicine, Sports Training Center, Indoor Training Center, and the Fitness and Conditioning Center.[48]
UPMC Mercy South Side Outpatient Center
The UPMC Mercy South Side Outpatient Center, formerly UPMC South Side hospital, is a 209,000-square-foot urgent care and outpatient facility serving the South Side neighborhood of Pittsburgh. It is one of several UPMC outpatient medical facilities serving various communities throughout the region.
In popular culture
The television medical dramas Heartland (2007) and Three Rivers (2009-present) were largely based on UPMC and the University of Pittsburgh's Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.[49][50] In both cases the hospitals are fictionalized, but in the later series UPMC is also specifically referred to as another Pittsburgh-area hospital.
Gallery
see also: List of UPMC buildings in Pittsburgh
Entrance to UPMC's co-flagship hospital in Oakland: UPMC Presbyterian
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A wing of UPMC Shadyside, the co-flagship hospital of UPMC
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UPMC Montefiore on the Oakland campus
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Medical Arts Building in Oakland
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Kaufmann Medical Building in Oakland
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References
The seal of the University of Pittsburgh has sometimes been incorporated into the UPMC logo, and can be found on buildings and directional markers in and around various UPMC campuses
- ^ a b c Taken from UPMC's 2009 "Fast Facts". Retrieved from internet on 29 July, 2009.
- ^ a b Steele, Bruce; Pitt, UPMCD, UPMCS: Keeping it all straight is difficult; University Times, May 1, 1997; accessdate=2008-09-01
- ^ UPMC Media Relations Press Release 2009
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- ^ a b c "UPMC Presbyterian: Our History". http://www.upmc.com/HospitalsFacilities/Hospitals/Presbyterian/AboutUs/Pages/History.aspx. Retrieved 2009-07-29.
- ^ Starrett, Agnes Lynch (1937). Through one hundred and fifty years: the University of Pittsburgh. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 355. http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittmiscpubs;cc=pittmiscpubs;q1=starrett;rgn=full%20text;idno=00afj8718m;didno=00afj8718m;view=image;seq=423;node=00afj8718m%3A25;page=root;size=s;frm=frameset.
- ^ Alberts, Robert C. (1986). Pitt :the story of the University of Pittsburgh, 1787-1987. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press. pp. 41. http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittmiscpubs;cc=pittmiscpubs;q1=western%20pennsylvania%20medical%20college;rgn=full%20text;idno=00c50130m;didno=00c50130m;view=image;seq=0061.
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- ^ "Medical School Attains High Standards". The Owl (University of Pittsburgh): 108. 1938. http://digital.library.pitt.edu/cgi-bin/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=pittyearbooks;cc=pittyearbooks;g=documentingpitt;xc=1;xg=1;q1=University%20Medical%20Center;rgn=full%20text;idno=1938e49702;didno=1938e49702;view=image;seq=0113. Retrieved 2009=07-31.
- ^ a b Levin, Steve (2005-12-27). "Empire Building: Consolidation and controversy at UPMC". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Pittsburgh, PA). http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05361/628282.stm. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
- ^ a b c Levine, Steve (2005-12-28). "Empire Building: Clash of the Titans". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Pittsburgh, PA). http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05362/628745.stm. Retrieved 2009-07-31.
- ^ a b c Levine, Arthur S; Detre, Thomas P.; McDonald, Margaret; Roth, Jeffrey A.; Huber, George A.; Brignano, Mary Germann; Danoff, Sandra N.; Farner, David M. et al. (2008-09). "The relationship between the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center--a profile in synergy". Academic Medicine (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 83 (9): 815-826. doi:10.1097/ACM.0b013e318181d1a8. ISSN 1040-2446. http://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Abstract/2008/09000/The_Relationship_Between_the_University_of.7.aspx. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
- ^ a b Yozwik, Ed; Hilston, James (2005-12-26). "UPMC: Hospitals and facilities". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. http://www.post-gazette.com/images3/20051226Hospital_facilities.gif. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
- ^ a b c UPMC Unaudited Quarterly Statement For the Period Ended March 31, 2009, UPMC, 2009-05-08, pp. 3, http://www.upmc.com/aboutupmc/FinancialInformation/Documents/FY2009-3Q.pdf, retrieved 2009-09-04
- ^ Provider Services Fast Facts, UPMC, http://www.upmc.com/aboutupmc/fast-facts/Pages/provider-services-facts.aspx, retrieved 2009-09-04
- ^ a b "Insurance Services Fast Facts". UPMC. http://www.upmc.com/aboutupmc/fast-facts/Pages/insurance-services-facts.aspx. Retrieved 2009-09-04.
- ^ "UPMC Health Plan". UPMC. http://www.upmchealthplan.com. Retrieved 2009-09-04.
- ^ a b UPMC Insurance Services Division 2008 Annual Report, Pittsburgh, PA: UPMC Health Plan Marketing & Communications Department, 2008, pp. 2, http://www.upmchealthplan.com/about/ar2008/pdf/2008AnnualReport.pdf, retrieved 2009-09-04
- ^ "Best Health Plans: UPMC Health Plan". U.S. News & World Report. 2008-11-07. http://www.usnews.com/listings/health-plans/commercial/19. Retrieved 2009-06-24.
- ^ "UPMC: International & Commercial Services Division". http://www.upmc.com/icsd/Pages/InternationalCommercialServices.aspx. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
- ^ "UPMC: Business Ventures". http://www.upmc.com/icsd/business-ventures/Pages/default.aspx. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
- ^ "Center for Biosecurity of UPMC: Mission Statement". http://www.upmc-biosecurity.org/website/center/mission.html. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
- ^ American Hospital Directory retrieved June 17, 2007
- ^ UPMC Presbyterian Specialties retrieved June 17, 2007
- ^ http://shadyside.upmc.com/Services.htm UPMC Shadyside Services
- ^ About Childeren's Retrieved June 18, 2007
- ^ A Hospital That Feels Like Home - Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. accessdate=2009-05-02.
- ^ About Children's Retrieved June 17, 2007
- ^ Fitzpatrick, Dan (2007-08-12). "Building new Children's Hospital changes community and how patients are cared for". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07224/808620-28.stm. Retrieved 2008-04-28.
- ^ About Us, Magee-Womens Hospital retrieved June 17, 2007
- ^ http://www.wpxi.com/news/21313532/detail.html
- ^ http://www.upmc.com/HospitalsFacilities/Hospitals/Braddock/Pages/default.aspx
- ^ Todd, Deborah M. (2009-09-10). "Hospital plan OK'd in Monroeville; official blasted for signing petition". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (Pittsburgh, PA). http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09253/996763-56.stm. Retrieved 2009-10-30.
- ^ http://www.upmc.com/aboutupmc/fast-facts/Pages/default.aspx UPMC Fast Facts, retrieved July 29, 2009
- ^ "UPMC expands global reach with deals in England, Japan". Pittsburgh Business Times (American City Business Journals). 2009-10-09. http://pittsburgh.bizjournals.com/pittsburgh/stories/2009/10/05/daily43.html. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
- ^ Mitchell, Susan (2008-11-23). "UPMC planning to open 25 cancer centres outside Ireland". The Sunday Business Post (Cork, Ireland). http://www.sbpost.ie/post/pages/p/story.aspx-qqqt=IRELAND-qqqm=news-qqqid=37750-qqqx=1.asp. Retrieved 2008-08-26.
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- ^ O'Halloran, Barry (2009-08-26). "US group to take control of Beacon Hospital". The Irish Times (Dublin, Ireland). http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/finance/2009/0826/1224253265517.html. Retrieved 2009-09-02.
- ^ "The ISMETT project". http://www.ismett.edu/?q=en/story. Retrieved 2008-08-05.
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- ^ Our Facilities, UPMC Sports Medicine, UPMC, accessdate=2008-11-09
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External links
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UPMC (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center) |
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| Academic Hospitals |
Presbyterian Shadyside • Children's Hospital • Ear & Eye • Magee Women's Hospital • Mercy • Montefiore • Western Psychiatric Institute
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| Community Hospitals |
Bedford Memorial • Braddock • Horizon • McKeesport • Northwest • Passavant • St. Margaret
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| International |
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| Miscellaneous |
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