Uvular trill

IPA – number	123
IPA – text	ʀ
IPA – image
Entity	ʀ
X-SAMPA	R\
Kirshenbaum	r"
Sound sample (help·info)

The uvular trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ʀ, a small capital R. The equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is R\. This consonant is one of several collectively called guttural R. Within Europe, the uvular trill seems to have originated in French, from where it spread to modern Standard German, most German dialects, some Dutch dialects, some northern Italian dialects, and the southern dialects of Swedish and Norwegian. Speakers may also have a uvular pronunciation of their language's rhotic consonant if it is difficult or impossible to pronounce an alveolar trill^{[citation needed]}. See guttural R for more information.

Features

Features of the uvular trill:

• Its manner of articulation is trill, which means it is produced by vibrations of the tongue against the place of articulation.
• Its place of articulation is uvular which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue against or near the uvula.
• Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
• It is an oral consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth.
• It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
• The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Occurrence

References

Bibliography

• Grevisse, Maurice; Goosse, André (2008), Le Bon Usage (14th ed.), De Boeck et Larcier 
• Rood, David S.; Taylor, Allan R. (1996), "Sketch of Lakhota, a Siouan Language, Part I", Handbook of North American Indians, 17, Smithsonian Institution, pp. 440-482, http://lakxotaiyapi.freecyberzone.com/sk1.htm 

See also

• List of phonetics topics